EX VITRO ROOTING OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTLETS DERIVED FROM TISSUE CULTURE

Abstract

Plantlets of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) derived from somatic embryos sometimes do not form well developed-roots. Root formation of unrooted-plantlets can be induced with auxin during ex vitro acclimatization period to simplify the procedure and to reduce seedling production cost. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different types of auxin, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations, i.e. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mM on root development of oil palm plantlets. The plantlets used were derived from somatic embryos of MK 649 oil palm clone. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution for 10 minutes before the shoot was cultured in a small plastic pot containing a mixed growing medium. The cultures were then placed inside a closed transparent plastic tunnel (240 cm x 100 cm x 95 cm) for 12 weeks. The results showed that without auxin treatment only 15% of the shoots formed roots. Dipping in auxin solution increased significantly root frequency to more than 50%. The best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 2 mM NAA by which rooting frequency was 80%. Auxin treatments also increased root quality as indicated by more number of primary and secondary roots. IAA, IBA, and NAA treatments at all concentrations tested increased significantly shoot height on average by 42% and shoot diameter by 30% compared to control treatment, but did not influence root length. The best treatment for inducing roots of oil palm plantlets ex vitro was by dipping the basal end of the plantlets in 2 mM NAA solution. The result showed that rooting of oil palm plantlets could be successfully conducted ex vitro that would eliminate sterile rooting stage thus simplify the protocol and reduce seedling production time and cost.

Ex Vitro Rooting of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Plantlets Derived from Tissue Culture

“…Shekafandeh [12] observed increased rooting frequency and number of roots from zero percent in untreated shoots to 91.7% and 3.3 roots per shoot, respectively, when the basal end of the shoots were dipped in a solution of 1.5 mg/l IAA and 0.3 mg/l IBA for 24 h before culturing in soil mixture in Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) plant. Similar results were also reported by Sumaryono and Riyadi [20] guineensis Jacq.). These results indicated the significance of treating of microshoots with plant growth regulators during ex vitro rooting before culturing in soil medium.…”

“…Similarly, Martin [16] obtained an average of 5.6 roots per shoot after the microshoots of Rotula aquatica Lour were dipped in 0.5 mg/l NAA for 25 days. Biradar et al [20] found best root formation on shoot treated with 2 mM NAA with 80% rooting frequency in oil palm. However, other authors Martin [22] and Chinnu [23] obtained best result of ex vitro rooting by using IBA.…”

Kriteria planlet kelapa kopyor yang siap untuk diaklimatisasi [Criteria of kopyor coconut plantlets ready to be acclimatized]

“…Tinggi planlet kelapa kopyor yang digunakan oleh Sisunandar (2011) saat aklimatisasi antara 19 sampai 21 cm, sesuai dengan tinggi planlet terbaik pada penelitian ini yakni lebih dari 20 cm. Ukuran planlet awal juga berpengaruh terhadap daya tumbuh tanaman palma lain seperti pada kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) tinggi planlet terbaik antara 12-15 cm (Abahmane, 2011;Darwesh, 2015), planlet pejibaye atau peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) lebih dari 6 cm (Steinmacher et al, 2007), dan planlet kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) lebih dari 9,5 cm (Sumaryono & Riyadi, 2011) atau lebih dari 6 cm (Thuzar et al, 2011).…”

“…Sedangkan pada kurma, planlet yang telah memiliki 2-3 daun terbuka dan lurus digunakan sebagai salah satu standar planlet kurma siap untuk diaklimatisasi (Abahmane, 2011;Darwesh, 2015). Planlet dengan 2-3 helai daun terbuka juga merupakan kriteria pada planlet kelapa sawit untuk diaklimatisasi (Sumaryono & Riyadi, 2011).…”

“…Pengaruh jumlah akar primer planlet terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa kopyor, setelah aklimatisasi selama 6 bulan. Untuk jenis tanaman yang planletnya sangat sulit membentuk akar pada kultur in vitro seperti pada tanaman manggis (Rostika et al, 2008) atau belum terbentuk akar saat planlet sudah besar maka pembentukan akar dapat dilakukan di lingkungan luar (ex vitro rooting) bersamaan dengan tahap aklimatisasi, misalnya pada tanaman manggis (Rostika et al, 2008) dan kelapa sawit (Sumaryono & Riyadi, 2011). Pada situasi planlet tanpa akar seperti ini maka kriteria utama untuk aklimatisasi adalah tinggi planlet dan jumlah daun Pada publikasi kultur embrio kelapa kopyor, tidak dilaporkan prosedur aklimatisasi ke lingkungan ex vitro (Tahardi & Warga-Dalem, 1982;Mashud & Manaroinsong, 2007;Sukendah et al, 2008), kecuali oleh Sisunandar (2011).…”