Ex vivo detection of cadmium‐induced renal damage by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal which is harmful to environment and organisms. The reabsorption of Cd in kidney leads it to be the main damaged organ in animals under the Cd exposure. In this work, we applied confocal Raman spectroscopy to map the pathological changes in situ in normal and Cd‐exposed mice kidney. The renal tissue from Cd‐exposed group displayed a remarkable decreasing in the intensity of typical peaks related to mitochondria, DNA, proteins and lipids. On the contrary, the peaks of collagen in Cd‐exposed group elevated significantly. The components in each tissue were identified and distinguished by principal component analysis. Furthermore, all the biological investigations in this study were consistent with the Raman spectrum detection, which revealed the progression and degree of lesion induced by Cd. The confocal Raman spectroscopy provides a new perspective for in situ monitoring of substances changes in tissues, which exhibits more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of heavy metals in molecular toxicology.

Identification and characterization of the inhibitory effect of ART on colorectal cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy

“…Raman spectroscopy (RS) can detect the structural components of biomolecules and reveal the information of biochemical components in cells owing to its label-free, low-destructive, high sensitivity, and strong specificity properties. Therefore, it is widely used in the biomedical field, [32,33] such as clinical diagnostics, tissue engineering, and toxicology experiments. In addition, it is used to identify normal and pathological tissues or cells.…”

“…Through the study and analysis of the Raman spectra of normal and pathological tissues or cells, characteristic Raman spectra can be found, which indicates that Raman spectra have important significance in the identification of benign and malignant lesions. [33,34] In this study, we explored the application of Raman spectroscopy to the metabolic activity of tumor cells after treatment with natural compounds, such as ART. The changes in Raman spectroscopy induced by ART and changes in cell metabolic pathways were integrated and analyzed.…”

“…Through the study and analysis of the Raman spectra of normal and pathological tissues or cells, characteristic Raman spectra can be found, which indicates that Raman spectra have important significance in the identification of benign and malignant lesions. [ 33,34 ]…”