Ex vivo penetration of fosfomycin into healthy andLawsonia intracellularis‐colonized swine intestinal mucosa

Abstract

Fosfomycin (FOS) is an antibiotic used, mostly in Latin America, for the treatment of lung and enteric infections of pigs. Intracellular fluids of enterocytes can act as biophase for Lawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of L. intracellularis in the enterocytes modifies FOS penetration. Eight healthy pigs in growth-finishing stage were used to produce healthy (group A) and L. intracellularis-colonized (group B) intestinal explants. For both groups, treatment consisted of a 580 μg/ml concentration of calcium FOS, which was added to each explant (0.5-6 hr). For group B, the Enterisol Ileitis vaccine was used as source of the micro-organism. Previously to the assay, the time necessary for L. intracellularis to colonize the enterocytes was defined. Also, a PCR protocol was optimized to determine the presence of the pathogen in the explants. There were nonstatistical differences for the penetration of the antibiotic into healthy and L. intracellularis-colonized enterocytes. MIC of FOS for L. intracellularis is unknown; nevertheless, MIC of various antibiotics ranges between 0.125 and 128 μg/ml. FOS reaches inside the enterocyte concentrations which surpass the MICs of other antibiotics that also act by the inhibition of cell wall synthesis; however, further studies should be carried out to determine fosfomycin MIC for L. intracellularis to discern the usefulness of this antibiotic in the treatment of PPE.

A review on the evolution of methods for intestinal in vitro organ culture and its application in veterinary science

“…In 1994, Zhu et al [13] improved this method by placing explants on top of biopsy sponges humidified with the culture medium underneath. Recently, Gaudio et al [14] performed a pharmacological study of fosfomycin using swine jejunal explants infected with Lawsonia intracellularis aiming to evaluate the concentration of this antibiotic inside enterocytes using Zhu's technique with modifications. Briefly, jejunal fragments measuring 3 cm in length were collected, opened on the mesenteric border, placed on Petri dishes, and washed twice with physiological saline solution through shaking.…”

Lawsonia intracellularis seroprevalence among the pig farm livestock of Ukraine

“…У США збитки від неї оцінюються приблизно в 10-20 млн доларів, різні розміри збитків реєструються в Японії, Китаї, Південній Кореї та інших країнах світу, де інтенсивно розвивається галузь свинарства. Серологічні дослідження у США та Європі вказують, що кількість позитивних стад по ПЕС становить від 60 до 100%; у Бразилії до 96% стад неблагополучних щодо ілеїту (Karuppannan & Opriessnig, 2018;Gaudio et al, 2018;Visscher et al, 2018а, 2018bYeh & Ga, 2018;Leite et al, 2019;Resende et al, 2019). Окремі автори називають ілеїт найдорожчою хворобою свинарства (Pavlov et al, 2009).…”