Different techniques have been reported in studies of intestinal in vitro organ culture (IVOC). A robust compilation of all available methods is lacking in the literature, making it difficult to choose a method that corresponds to the study's demands. In this review, readers can assess the most available methods, allowing them to evaluate which is more suitable for their purposes and requirements. A simplified view of culturing intestinal explants is presented, highlighting the approachability of IVOC. Relevant findings from diverse veterinarian studies, where explants played a major role, as well as the technique used in each, are described to illustrate its applications. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the innovative intestinal IVOC methods are discussed. This review provides a collection of methods for intestinal explant culture and their possible applications in veterinary research. In this way, it aims to broaden access to IVOC techniques and aid decision-making regarding the best suited for a study's purposes.

O presente trabalho busca a caracterização ambiental, em alguns aspectos relevantes, sendo estes a vegetação, a hidrografia e a banda termal da região locada no bairro de Santa Cecília. O estudo da vegetação se deu através da observação e analise de foto aérea da região, demarcando as áreas verdes. Para a análise da hidrografia, a área de estudo foi sobreposta ao mapa de micro bacias do município de São Paulo, de onde se observou em qual micro bacia se localiza a área de estudo. O estudo da temperatura se deu através do mapa da banda termal disponível no Atlas Ambiental do Município de São Paulo. As análises dos dados revelam uma região com baixa qualidade ambiental, nos aspectos estudados, e mostra a relevância das questões ambientais, na gestão dos espaços públicos, no que tange o estudo das mudanças climáticas relacionadas à qualidade de vida do cidadão residente ou usuário da área.

Swine dysentery, ileitis, and porcine salmonellosis are production-limiting diseases of global importance for swine production. They are caused by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Currently, the prevention, treatment, and control of these diseases still relies on antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially available non-antimicrobial compounds in preventing lesions caused by the bacteria cited above using an in vitro intestinal culture model. A total of five pigs per pathogen were used and multiple compounds were evaluated. For compound F (a fungal fermented rye), S (a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids), and P (a synergistic blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including coated butyrates), a total of four explants/pig for each treatment were used, while for compound D (an extract of carob and thyme) only 12 explants/pig for each treatment were used. Explants were exposed to a combination of pathogen only (n = 4/compound/pig), compound only (n = 4/compound/pig), or pathogen and compound (n = 4/compound/pig) and sampled at two time-points. Histopathology and gene expression levels were evaluated to investigate the treatment effect on explants. Short and medium-chain fatty acids, and an extract of carob and thyme, was found to mitigate lesions due to B. hyodysenteriae exposure. A fungal fermented prebiotic increased healthy epithelial coverage when explants were exposed to L. intracellularis or S. Typhimurium. These findings represent a step towards finding alternatives to antimicrobials usage and control of swine dysentery, ileitis, and salmonellosis in pork production.

Swine dysentery, ileitis, and porcine salmonellosis are production-limiting diseases global importance in swine production. They are caused by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. Currently, the prevention, treatment, and control of these diseases still rely on antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four commercially available non-antimicrobial compounds in preventing lesions caused by the bacteria cited above using an in vitro intestinal culture model. A total of five pigs per pathogen were used and multiple compounds were evaluated. For compounds F (a fungal fermented rye), S (a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids) and P (a synergistic blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including coated butyrates) a total of 4 explants/pig for each treatment were used, while for compound D (an extract of carob and thyme) only 12 explants/pig for each treatment were used. Explants were exposed to a combination of pathogen only (n = 4/compound/pig), compound only (n = 4/compound/pig) or pathogen and compound (n = 4/compound/pig) and sampled a two time-points. Histopathology and gene expression levels were evaluated to investigate the treatment effect on explants. Short and medium-chain fatty acids, and an extract of carob and thyme can mitigate lesions due to B. hyodysenteriae exposure. A fungal fermented prebiotic increased healthy epithelial coverage when explants were exposed to L. intracellularis or S. Typhimurium. These findings are a step towards finding alternatives to antimicrobials usage and control of swine dysentery, ileitis, and salmonellosis in pork production.