Exact calculation of electron interaction in an oscillatory field

Physics of multi-GEM structures

“…The hypothesis that the associative ionization is responsible for the discrepancy in ionization coefficients observed in He at pressures below 1 atm, as well as for the E/p scaling violation in α/p, was introduced in [35]. It is interesting that according to theoretical calculations [37] the avalanche development in liquid He, at low electric fields, would also be defined by the associative ionization.…”

“…There might also exist the ionization processes going via long-lived meta-stable atomic states, such as the Penning ionization of impurities [34][35][36]. Just due to the same reason, it would also have a minor effect at high pressures, against the associative ionization background.…”

“…The associative ionization is a fast process with a time constant of the order of a nanosecond at atmospheric pressure [35]. It goes via basic and short-lived excited states of the native atoms.…”

“…Most probably this mechanism is the associative ionization [34][35][36]. In the associative ionization, the electron is produced in atomic collisions due to the association of an atom with an excited atom into a molecular ion: e He He He + → + + * 2 .…”

Energy spectrum of a relativistic two-dimensional hydrogen-like atom in a constant magnetic field of arbitrary strength

“…(3) cannot be solved in closed form in terms of special functions [4]. There are analytic expressions for the energy for particular values of ω L and m [5,6,7]. The computation of the energy eigenvalues in (3) has been carried out using different techniques [8,9,10,11,12,13].…”