Examination of Bcl-2 and Bax Protein Levels for Determining the Apoptotic Changes in Placentas with Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia

Özkorkmaz, Ebru Gökalp; Aşır, Fırat; BAŞARAN, Süreyya ÖZDEMİR; Ağaçayak, Elif; Şahin, Fırat; Kaya, Sadullah; Erdogan, Gamze; Deveci, Engin

doi:10.3390/proceedings2251548

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Abnormalities in the expression of Bax protein, which is involved in apoptosis, are associated with some pathological placental changes (24). In a study, Bax protein was discovered to be a good indicator of apoptotic alterations in placentas with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia (50). In another study, it was reported that the Bax gene could be responsible for pregnancy loss, and variation of this gene would be useful in the evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological examination of the placenta after delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19

Taş

ERDEMCİ

Aşır

et al. 2022

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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Introduction: COVID-19 is a viral disease generated by a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The consequences of this virus on the human placenta and the newborn are still unclear. IL-6 can disturb the placenta's immunological homeostasis and be employed as an inflammatory marker for the poor prognosis of COVID-19 infection. Bax has some features like being a key protein regulating apoptotic mechanisms and plays an important role in both maintaining dynamic balance and integrity in the placenta as in many tissues. This study aims to indicate the impact of COVID-19 on inflammation and apoptotic pathways in the placenta by using IL-6 and Bax antibodies. Material and Method: COVID-19 positive (n:10) and COVID-19 negative (n:10) normotensive placentas were included. Haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining (IL-6 and Bax antibodies) were applied. Statistical data of immunohistochemical (IL-6 and Bax expression) staining results were assessed by analyzing the H-score. Biochemical parameters were recorded. Group means were analyzed with a nonparametric Kruskal Wallis Test. Results: In the COVID-19 group, increased syncytial knots, fibrin deposition, inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil accumulation were observed. The COVID-19 group had considerably higher levels of IL-6 and Bax expression than the control group. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients had statistically lower WBC and higher CRP values than normotensive patients. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been linked to placental inflammation and trophoblast cell damage, both of which can result in major maternal and fetal problems during pregnancy. We found intense IL-6 expression in the placentas of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. A rise in IL-6 levels triggers CRP production, and this increase is linked to the severity of COVID-19 as a risk factor. Also, we suggested that COVID-19 infection triggers the apoptotic process in placental tissue by increasing the expression of the proapoptotic Bax protein. It is clinically very significant to follow up COVID-19 positive pregnancies for maternal and fetal health. During this follow-up, IL-6 and Bax expression levels in the placenta, together with histopathological findings and serum CRP levels, can guide the evaluation of the prognosis, severity and response to treatment of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological examination of the placenta after delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19

Taş

ERDEMCİ

Aşır

et al. 2022

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine

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“…The Bcl-2 and Bax genes are the most important genes that control and regulate apoptosis. It was found that the Bcl-2 and Bax genes act in concert to maintain programmed cell death in the placenta [ 45 ]. Abnormal apoptotic activity in the placenta may be caused by a violation of the regulation of these genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide (pHBSP) Corrects Endothelial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia

Korokin

Гуреев

Гудырев

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Preeclampsia is a severe disease of late pregnancy. Etiological factors and a pathogenetic pattern of events still require significant clarification, but it is now recognized that a large role is played by placentation disorders and emerging endothelial dysfunction. The administration of short-chain peptides mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain may become one of the directions of searching for new drugs for preeclampsia prevention and therapy. Simulation of ADMA-like preeclampsia in Wistar rats was performed by the administration of a non-selective NOS blocker L-NAME from the 14th to 20th day of pregnancy. The administration of the pHBSP at the doses of 10 µg/kg and 250 µg/kg corrected the established morphofunctional disorders. The greatest effect was observed at a dose of 250 µg/kg. There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 31.2 and 32.8%, respectively (p < 0.0001), a decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction by 48.6% (p = 0.0006), placental microcirculation increased by 82.8% (p < 0.0001), the NOx concentration was increased by 42,6% (p = 0.0003), the greater omentum edema decreased by 11.7% (p = 0.0005) and proteinuria decreased by 76.1% (p < 0.0002). In addition, there was an improvement in the morphological pattern of the fetoplacental complex and the ratio of BAX to Bcl-2 expression which characterizes the apoptotic orientation of the cells.

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“…Placentas with both preeclampsia and gestational diabetes have a favorable response to the BAX protein. Sgarbosa et al investigated BCL-2 expression in normoglycemic and diabetic placentas and found that hyperglycemic placentas had lower levels of the protein, which might indicate diseases that cause apoptosis [244]. Solanesol (SNL) alters apoptotic markers (caspase-3, BAX, and BCL-2), reduced TNF-, IL-1 [232] MiRNAs have been identified as essential regulators of beta cell growth, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and beta cell malfunction in several investigations [245][250] [251].…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutics of the BCL-2 Protein Family: The Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Context

Paul¹,

Saddam²,

Habib³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Apoptosis, also known as the programmed death of cells, is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of tissues and this function is carried out by caspases. The process of apoptosis is carried out via two distinct pathways: the extrinsic pathway, which is governed by death receptors, and the intrinsic pathway, also known as the mitochondrial pathway. The BCL-2 protein family encoded by the BCL-2 gene, located at the 18q21.33 chromosomal location, is in charge of regulating the intrinsic pathway, which is responsible for inducing cell death via the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and the release of apoptosis - inducing components. The BCL-2 homology (BH1, BH2, BH3, BH4) domains of this family proteins are crucial for their functioning and their common BH domains allow interactions between members of the same family and can also serve as indications of pro- or anti-apoptotic activity. A direct correlation may be shown between the overexpression of BCL-2 and the postponement of cell death. It has been determined that a change in the expression of BCL-2 is the root cause of a variety of malignancies, including lung, breast, melanoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of regulating BCL-2 family connections and their relevance to health and disease.

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Examination of Bcl-2 and Bax Protein Levels for Determining the Apoptotic Changes in Placentas with Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Histopathological examination of the placenta after delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19

Histopathological examination of the placenta after delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19

Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide (pHBSP) Corrects Endothelial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia

Emerging Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutics of the BCL-2 Protein Family: The Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Context

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