Examination of Host Phenotypes in &lt;em&gt;Gambusia affinis&lt;/em&gt; Following Antibiotic Treatment

Carlson, Jeanette M.; Chavez, Oscar; Aggarwal, Sonali; Primm, Todd P.

doi:10.3791/55170

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our laboratory, when fish were exposed to RIF for 7 days, the genus Myroides temporarily dominated the skin microbiome 7. Furthermore, fish with microbiomes altered by 3-day RIF treatment exhibited negative side effects, including pathogen susceptibility 8,25. Higher susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila was observed in zebrafish with long-term (6 weeks) antibiotic treatment 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption

Brumlow

Luna

Hollister

et al. 2019

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Background The microbiomes of animals are complex communities that strongly affect the health of the hosts. Microbiomes on mucosal surfaces have the highest densities and most extensive biochemical exchanges with the hosts. Although antibiotics are potent tools to manage infections, they can disrupt the normal microbiota, causing numerous side effects. Materials and methods Taking a community ecology approach, mucosal microbiome community responses to five disruptive conditions (two broad-spectrum antibiotics, a biocide, elevated temperature, and rinsing) were analyzed. Skin of the fish Gambusia affinis was the mucosal model. Microbiome recovery was measured by culturable counts, community biochemical profiles, genetic fingerprinting, and community 16S gene sequencing (rinsing condition only). Results Following all disruptions, the total counts rose and then returned to the pre-treatment (PT) level. This overgrowth was confirmed via direct staining and community metabolic activity measurements. After rinsing, diversity decreased and one taxon dominated (family Aeromonadaceae ) temporarily, the findings similar to numerous other studies with antibiotics. While the community did not return to the PT taxonomic composition, the biochemical profile did. Conclusion This suggests that the biochemical pathways in a community are important during recovery, and a return to the original composition is not required to restore original function.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption

Brumlow

Luna

Hollister

et al. 2019

IDR

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“… 23 This suggests that individual antibiotics affect a key function of the normal microbiome, namely colonization resistance, very differently. The controllable vertebrate model used in this study is now being used to investigate the effects on the host organism resulting from significant antibiotic-induced microbiome community changes, 24 , 25 and driving factors during the recovery of the microbiome after antibiotic stress. A 3-day exposure of fish to rifampicin at the same concentration and same method used in this study resulted in reduced resistance to the pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri , reduced weight gain over a month, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress, compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome disruption and recovery in the fish Gambusia affinis following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic

Carlson¹,

Leonard²,

Hyde

et al. 2017

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Antibiotics are a relatively common disturbance to the normal microbiota of humans and agricultural animals, sometimes resulting in severe side effects such as antibiotic-associated enterocolitis. Gambusia affinis was used as a vertebrate model for effects of a broad-spectrum antibiotic, rifampicin, on the skin and gut mucosal microbiomes. The fish were exposed to the antibiotic in the water column for 1 week, and then monitored during recovery. As observed via culture, viable counts from the skin microbiome dropped strongly yet returned to pretreatment levels by 1.6 days and became >70% resistant. The gut microbiome counts dropped and took longer to recover (2.6 days), and became >90% drug resistant. The resistance persisted at ~20% of skin counts in the absence of antibiotic selection for 2 weeks. A community biochemical analysis measuring the presence/absence of 31 activities observed a 39% change in results after 3 days of antibiotic treatment. The antibiotic lowered the skin and gut microbiome community diversity and altered taxonomic composition, observed by 16S rRNA profiling. A 1-week recovery period did not return diversity or composition to pretreatment levels. The genus Myroides dominated both the microbiomes during the treatment, but was not stable and declined in abundance over time during recovery. Rifampicin selected for members of the family Comamonadaceae in the skin but not the gut microbiome. Consistent with other studies, this tractable animal model shows lasting effects on mucosal microbiomes following antibiotic exposure, including persistence of drug-resistant organisms in the community.

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Examination of Host Phenotypes in <em>Gambusia affinis</em> Following Antibiotic Treatment

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

<p>Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption</p>

<p>Biochemical but not compositional recovery of skin mucosal microbiome communities after disruption</p>

Microbiome disruption and recovery in the fish <em>Gambusia affinis</em> following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic

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