Examination of the duration of gait initiation by use of an electrogoniometer

Gormley, John; Barr, D.A.; Bell, A. J.; Ravey, John; Mollan, Rab

doi:10.1016/0966-6362(93)90019-w

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Typically studies only report outcomes at self-selected speed 2,5,14,[23][24][25] . Outcomes such as step timings 1,4,9,14 , step lengths [2][3][4][5]9,14,22 and cadence 26 have been previously reported, but only at isolated speeds and not in relation to changes with speed. Due to variation in the definition of the characteristics of gait initiation it is difficult to directly compare the reported values with those reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

et al. 2018

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Gait initiation spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics were quantified across the maximum range of speeds achievable, providing comprehensive characterisation of changes with speed. Significant, non-linear changes with speed were identified, suggesting different strategies are employed to modify speed at low and high speeds. The highlighted changes with speed illustrate the importance of taking speed into account when comparing outcomes between healthy adults and those with pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

et al. 2018

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“…The gait initiation process is completed when the body reaches a constant walking speed, roughly between the beginning of the third and the end of the eighth step [ 24 ]. Footwear type has been shown to influence the number of steps necessary to reach a steady-state gait: using habitual shoes with foot orthoses may help the body reach steady-state walking with fewer steps than do barefoot walking and wearing habitual shoes without orthoses [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Footwear and Foam Surface Alter Gait Initiation of Typical Subjects

et al. 2015

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Gait initiation is the task commonly used to investigate the anticipatory postural adjustments necessary to begin a new gait cycle from the standing position. In this study, we analyzed whether and how foot-floor interface characteristics influence the gait initiation process. For this purpose, 25 undergraduate students were evaluated while performing a gait initiation task in three experimental conditions: barefoot on a hard surface (barefoot condition), barefoot on a soft surface (foam condition), and shod on a hard surface (shod condition). Two force plates were used to acquire ground reaction forces and moments for each foot separately. A statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis was performed in COP time series. We compared the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) resultant center of pressure (COP) paths and average velocities, the force peaks under the right and left foot, and the COP integral x force impulse for three different phases: the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) phase (Phase 1), the swing-foot unloading phase (Phase 2), and the support-foot unloading phase (Phase 3). In Phase 1, significantly smaller ML COP paths and velocities were found for the shod condition compared to the barefoot and foam conditions. Significantly smaller ML COP paths were also found in Phase 2 for the shod condition compared to the barefoot and foam conditions. In Phase 3, increased AP COP velocities were found for the shod condition compared to the barefoot and foam conditions. SPM analysis revealed significant differences for vector COP time series in the shod condition compared to the barefoot and foam conditions. The foam condition limited the impulse-generating capacity of COP shift and produced smaller ML force peaks, resulting in limitations to body-weight transfer from the swing to the support foot. The results suggest that footwear and a soft surface affect COP and impose certain features of gait initiation, especially in the ML direction of Phase 1.

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“…The instant prior to the first contact of the stepping foot is recognized as the most challenging event for stability control during gait initiation (Chang & Krebs, 1999), and is predicated by the above described events/periods. While the GI process is only completed when the body reaches a constant walking speed (Gormley, Barr, Bell, Ravey, & Mollan, 1993), we limited our analysis to the start of GI. The initial posterior shift of the COP during GI is necessary to generate forward motion by propelling the COM away from the support limb to the stepping limb (C. Hass, Bishop, Doidge, & Wikstrom, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion is associated with altered preparatory postural adjustments during gait initiation

Doherty

Zhao

Ryan

et al. 2017

Human Movement Science

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Gait initiation is a useful surrogate measure of supraspinal motor control mechanisms but has never been evaluated in a cohort following concussion. The aim of this study was to quantify the preparatory postural adjustments (PPAs) of gait initiation (GI) in fifteen concussion patients (4 females, 11 males) in comparison to a group of fifteen age- and sex-matched controls. All participants completed variants of the GI task where their dominant and non-dominant limbs as the 'stepping' and 'support' limbs. Task performance was quantified using the centre of pressure (COP) trajectory of each foot (computed from a force plate) and a surrogate of the centre of mass (COM) trajectory (estimated from an inertial measurement unit placed on the sacrum). Concussed patients exhibited decreased COP excursion on their dominant foot, both when it was the stepping limb (sagittal plane: 9.71mm [95% CI: 8.14-11.27mm] vs 14.9mm [95% CI: 12.31-17.49mm]; frontal plane: 36.95mm [95% CI: 30.87-43.03mm] vs 54.24mm [95% CI: 46.99-61.50mm]) and when it was the support limb (sagittal plane: 10.43mm [95% CI: 8.73-12.13mm] vs 18.13mm [95% CI: 14.92-21.35mm]; frontal plane: 66.51mm [95% CI: 60.45-72.57mm] vs 88.43mm [95% CI: 78.53-98.32mm]). This was reflected in the trajectory of the COM, wherein concussion patients exhibited lower posterior displacement (19.67mm [95% CI: 19.65mm-19.7mm]) compared with controls (23.62mm [95% CI: 23.6-23.64]). On this basis, we conclude that individuals with concussion display deficits during a GI task which are potentially indicative of supraspinal impairments in motor control.

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Examination of the duration of gait initiation by use of an electrogoniometer

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

Spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics of gait initiation across a wide speed range

Footwear and Foam Surface Alter Gait Initiation of Typical Subjects

Concussion is associated with altered preparatory postural adjustments during gait initiation

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