Examination of the pressure force distribution affecting the hoof and its influenceability by different ground properties

Hüppler, Michael; Hagen, Jenny; Häfner, F.; Geiger, S.; Mader, Daniela

doi:10.21836/pem20150501

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Comparable effects were recently found by Hüppler et al [15] between concrete and soft floorings in standing and walking horses. In the present study, even differences between the tested rubber floorings in loaded area and overall pressure load could be observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…It has frequently been used in equine research and was recommended for scientific and clinical application by Lange et al [17]. As some authors stated a lack of accuracy in using this piezoresistive foil sensors [19, 21, 31], most equine studies were confined to relative comparisons [14, 15, 17]. However, by use of an appropriate calibration under trial conditions and expected loads, an adequate accuracy could be obtained with this sensors [19–21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of different flooring types on pressure distribution under the bovine claw – an ex vivo study

Oehme¹,

Geiger²,

Grund³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundMechanical interactions between hard floorings and the sole of bovine claws can be reasonable to cause traumatic claw lesions. In this ex vivo study, the direct kinetic impact of concrete and three types of rubber mats on the sole of dairy cattle claws was analyzed. In order to apply uniform loads, isolated distal hind limbs of adult Holstein Friesian dairy cows were functionally trimmed according to the Dutch method and attached to a load applicator. Kinetic data were recorded using a thin, foil-based pressure measurement system (Hoof™ System, Tekscan®).ResultsOn concrete, the load distribution between the lateral and medial claw was less balanced than on the rubber floorings. The loaded area was significantly smaller on concrete (32.2 cm2) compared to all rubber mats (48.3–58.0 cm2). Average pressures (Pav) and maximum pressures (Pmax) were significantly higher on concrete (Pav 44.7 N/cm2; Pmax 130.3 N/cm2) compared to the rubber floorings (Pav 24.9–29.7 N/cm2; Pmax 71.9–87.2 N/cm2). Pressure peaks occurred mainly in plantar and abaxial parts of the lateral claw and in apical and plantar regions of the medial claw. Load distribution displayed a widely unloaded slope region, but considering the pressure distribution under the claw, none of the zones showed a generally lower pressure exposure.ConclusionsAltogether, rubber floorings lead to a significant mechanical relief of the sole compared to concrete. Furthermore, relevant differences between the tested rubber mats could be determined. Therefore the used system may be applied to compare further flooring types.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different flooring types on pressure distribution under the bovine claw – an ex vivo study

Oehme¹,

Geiger²,

Grund³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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“…A detailed knowledge of the load distribution pattern within different hoof regions in horses with laminitis will help the equine practitioners to optimise the supportive therapy. The Hoof ™ System has been successfully used to evaluate the load distribution within the hoof in shod and unshod horses, and to study the effect of different horseshoes at different ground properties 8‐10 . However, no kinetic measurements have been performed to assess the load distribution in the laminitic hoof so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hoof kinetic patterns differ between sound and laminitic horses

Naem

Litzke

Failing

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background No kinetic data on hoof loading in laminitic horses are available, despite their importance for optimising supportive shoeing therapies. Objectives To quantify the load distribution pattern in laminitic and sound horses. Study design Controlled observational study. Methods Fifty‐four sound and laminitic horses were assigned to three groups: control group (sound horses), group 1 (G1) horses with acute laminitis, evaluated immediately after acute clinical signs subsided, and group 2 (G2) horses that had been free of acute laminitis signs for 6‐12 weeks. Measurements on both forelimbs in barefoot condition were performed during walk using the Hoof™ System. Kinetic parameters were recorded and compared between hoof regions and groups using covariance analyses and t tests (P < .05). Results Peak loading in the toe region occurred during midstance phase in control group, but during break‐over in laminitic horses. This is reflected by the time to peak vertical force in the toe, which was significantly shorter in the control group compared to laminitic horses (G1 and G2) (76% ± 6% vs 89% ± 9 [P = .002], 86% ± 7 [P = .001] of stance duration respectively). The relative vertical force in the toe in the control group (46% ± 7%) was significantly higher compared to laminitic horses (G1: 29% ± 9% [P = .001]; G2: 32% ± 10% [P = .003]). The main shift of the load occurred between toe and middle hoof regions in laminitic horses as compared with the control group. No significant differences were found between G1 and G2. Main limitations Measurements were not obtained in horses with acute laminitis on admission, to avoid risk of further damage to the lamellae. Conclusions Supportive therapy in laminitis should focus on supporting both caudal and middle hoof areas to decrease the peak pressure in these regions, and ease break‐over during which the maximal loading of the toe occurs.

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“…Placing the laminitic horses on sand or peat is beneficial in supporting the sole thus reducing the load on the hoof wall, as these substrates conform well to the foot [1]. It has been demonstrated that the contact area in clinically sound horses increases to almost double when on deep sand compared to a concrete surface [13]. Therefore, laminitic horses with HCHW would benefit from soft bedding due to increased contact area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heel elevation on breakover phase in horses with laminitis

et al. 2020

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Background In a laminitic horse, the maximal loading of the toe region occurs during the breakover phase. To date, no kinetic data demonstrates the effect of supportive orthopaedic therapy in horses with laminitis on breakover phase. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of heel elevation on the breakover phase. Eight horses with acute laminitis treated medically as well as with application of a hoof cast with heel wedge (HCHW) were included in this study. Immediately following cessation of clinical signs of acute laminitis, two measurements using the Hoof™ System were taken: the first with HCHW and the second immediately following removal of the HCHW, i.e. in barefoot condition (BFC). The hoof print was divided into three regions: toe, middle hoof, and heel. Kinetic parameters included vertical force (VF), stance duration, contact area (CA) for all hoof regions during stance phase, duration of breakover, VF in the toe region at onset of breakover and location of centre of force. Results The VF and CA were higher in the heel region (63 and 61%, respectively) and decreased significantly after removal of the HCHW (43 and 28% after removal, respectively). The breakover phase in horses with HCHW lasted 2% of stance phase and was significantly shorter than that in BFC, which lasted 6% of stance phase. The VF at onset of breakover for the toe region in horses with HCHW was significantly lower than that in BFC. The centre of the force was located at the heel region in all horses with the HCHW, and at the middle the hoof region in BFC. Conclusions Heel elevation in horses with laminitis as examined on a concrete surface significantly shortens breakover phase and decreases the vertical force in the toe region during breakover. HCHW provides adequate support to the palmar hoof structures by increasing the contact area in the heel region and incorporating the palmar part of frog and sole into weight bearing, thus decreasing the stress on the lamellae. Hoof cast with heel elevation could be a beneficial orthopaedic supportive therapy for horses suffering from acute laminitis.

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Examination of the pressure force distribution affecting the hoof and its influenceability by different ground properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of different flooring types on pressure distribution under the bovine claw – an ex vivo study

Effect of different flooring types on pressure distribution under the bovine claw – an ex vivo study

Hoof kinetic patterns differ between sound and laminitic horses

Effect of heel elevation on breakover phase in horses with laminitis

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