Examining Changes in GDP on the Demand for Road Freight Transport

Temperature Control for Regional Transport

“…This is due to the failure to abide by the loading and unloading conditions and to choose the right type of transport vehicle [11][12][13].…”

Possible Impacts of Regulating the Weekly Rest of Road Freight Drivers on Logistics in EU Countries

“…The governments of the EU Member States, as well as the European Commission, are planning for continued economic growth and hence an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Research shows that transport performance in freight transport in tonne-kilometres from GDP growth [11][12][13][14]. How is the road freight transport sector prepared, also in terms of legislative interventions by the EU as well as by individual EU Member States.…”

“…The biggest increase was in Turkey by 885 874 vehicles in Poland (by 331 376 vehicles) and in Germany (by 316 333 vehicles). Some EU countries have a different tax burden, which in part affects the number of vehicles [13]. On the other side, those countries that have experienced a significant drop in lorries, Spain, have a reduction of up to 252 462.…”

Methodology for the Tariff Formation in Railway Freight Transport

“…The necessary data can be ascertained from transportation documents (bill of lading), which contain all the essential information related to the transportation demand of a carrier (the type of the transported commodity, total weight of the transported commodity and the transportation line). Individual bills of lading are transposed (the data from the paper bill of lading are entered -retyped in the computer) to the information system of a carrier, the data are processed in an electronic bill of lading and consequently all the significant data are assessed and incorporated in the economic and information databases of the carrier [7].…”

“…In the follow-up in designing the tariff policy, or in determining individual rates in the tariff the carrier must take into account if the tariff is designed only for a specific contract customer /group of customers, who have their transportation volumes contractually established (in tons, wagons, trains), or if it is a tariff, which will be designed for all the customers of the carrier, be that contracted ones or potential ones, or possibly irregular customers. For effective setting of prices in the tariff designed for a specific customer with a contracted volume, the prices are mostly determined as implemented fixed prices (the resulting price reflects the agreed regularity of transportation as well as volume) [7]. In case of tariffs designed for all the customer groups (contract/ irregular/potential) the prices are mostly established as offer prices, i.e.…”