Examining COVID-19 and HIV: The impact of intersectional stigma on short- and long-term health outcomes among African Americans

Nydegger, Liesl A.; Hill, Mandy J.

doi:10.1177/0020872820940017

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many editorials explicitly considered the disparity in COVID-19 related outcomes for PLHIV among ethnic and racial minorities, but only four studies investigated this directly. African American and Latinx PLHIV in the US are showing disproportionate rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality, as well as increased levels of homelessness and unemployment [9,35,56,57]. Furthermore, mistrust of government sources, notably the President and elected officials, has the potential to cause treatment and vaccine hesitancy in minority populations, paralleling the HIV epidemic [29,35,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many inequalities related to poor health outcomes, stigma and discrimination have been magnified through COVID-19 and highlighted in editorials, particularly those penned in the US [2,[56][57][58][59]. Authors drew attention to African American PLHIV, who have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and are more likely to develop health complications, experience homelessness, unemployment, poverty and/or disadvantage associated with the costs of health care [2,17,42,[56][57][58][59]. The challenges faced by women living with HIV (WLHIV) were rarely explored within the primary research literature; however Closson et al's [60] editorial sought to draw attention to WLHIV's increased risk of domestic violence as a result of stay-at-home measures.…”

Section: Racial and Social Inequality Stigma And Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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Understanding the clinical impact of COVID-19 has been central to emerging research in the HIV field, but in focusing on the biomedical, researchers must not overlook the socially embedded nature of HIV and the potential social impacts of this new pandemic on PLHIV. We conducted a scoping review to explore emerging research examining the social impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV in OECD countries over the first 12 months of the pandemic. Twenty articles were identified and included for review. Key themes included: impacts on HIV care access/telehealth; stress and mental health; social isolation and loneliness; food insecurity; changes to sexual behaviour; changes to substance use; impacts on income, education and employment; and racial and social inequality. Results from this review can help guide research into areas where it is needed to help minimise the negative social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Racial and Social Inequality Stigma And Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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“…The unparalleled COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the stigma, marginalization, and structural racism that was already devastating African American communities [ 80 ]. Stigma has been described as an experience of individuals or communities who are purposely or inevitably excluded from full social approval or who have something unusual or unpleasant exposed about their moral status [ 81 ].…”

Section: Social Stigma and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, addressing health disparities will require a multifaceted approach from diverse stakeholders, including academic institutions [ 144 ]. Therefore, solutions are needed to enhance community engagement among stakeholders of African American health, augment population and public health funding to promote health equity among African Americans, and increase the number of African American healthcare providers [ 80 ]. These efforts may help mitigate the negative effects of hierarchy of citizenship [ 12 ] that exist among communities of color in the U.S.…”

Section: Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Weathering Framework: Intersection of Racism, Stigma, and COVID-19 as a Stressful Life Event among African Americans

Wakeel

Njoku

2021

Healthcare

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The disproportionate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on African American communities necessitates an increased focus on the intersectional roles of racism, stigma, and other social determinants of health in influencing disease and mortality risk. The Weathering Framework is applied to demonstrate the dynamic interrelationships between these factors and to conceptualize COVID-19 as a stressful life event that will have profound health implications over the life course for African Americans. Recommendations for population health research, interventions and policies aimed at reducing COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and mitigation of the long-term impacts of the pandemic on communities of color are discussed.

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“…Over 50 countries have implemented national policies or issued guidelines recommending PrEP for populations at high risk of HIV acquisition (Hodges-Mameletzis et al 2018), yet health inequalities, linked to PrEP provision and uptake, persist and research has shown that these are likely to be exacerbated by the effects of COVID-19 (Nydegger and Hill 2020). This study has investigated the news coverage in the U.S. and the U.K. & Ireland to consider how PrEPand issues of uneven provision of the treatmentare reported, considering how media messages reflect ideologies that can lead to stigmatisation and discourage those who need the treatment from seeking it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and ‘risk’ in the news

Collins

2021

Journal of Risk Research

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This study investigates 'risk' as discussed in news coverage and in relation to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): a treatment that has been proven to restrict the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the U.S. and the U.K. & Ireland, there are issues concerning the provision and take-up of PrEP, which can lead to health inequalities. Raising awareness and tackling stigma are priorities in ensuring that those who would benefit from PrEP can access it, since these are reported to be obstacles to potential users seeking out the treatment. The media has been shown to be an important resource for public understanding of health issues and there is evidence to suggest that the news media have contributed to the uncertainty and stigma around PrEP, which has discouraged some from supporting and taking PrEP. In this study, I examine a corpus of 1424 news articles on PrEP (1,017,743 words) from the U.S. and the U.K. & Ireland, in the period 2016-2019. Using methods from corpus linguistics, I show that forms of 'risk' appear to a statistically significant degree in the data, providing a quantitative basis on which to explore these in more detail. Focusing on publications that use a high proportion of 'risk' words (compared with the overall average), I show that the focus on various risks associated with PrEP differs according to publication and that references to 'risk' are used both to advocate for the wider provision of PrEP and to caution against the effects of providing PrEP, i.e. concerns about 'risk compensation'. Corpus methods are shown to augment existing studies of PrEP coverage, providing a systematic method for identifying recurrent lexical features in the data and thereby showing how we can report the linguistic aspects of risk representation.

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Examining COVID-19 and HIV: The impact of intersectional stigma on short- and long-term health outcomes among African Americans

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review

Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review

Application of the Weathering Framework: Intersection of Racism, Stigma, and COVID-19 as a Stressful Life Event among African Americans

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and ‘risk’ in the news

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