The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the growing area of spirituality and religion in counseling. The American public values religion; and the American Psychological Association (APA) acknowledges religion/spirituality as a vital area of diversity. With APA calling for specialized training in religious diversity, it is important to consider what religious/spiritual issues arise in a community counseling setting. This study was designed to determine whether clients or therapists raise religious issues, and whether clients who self-identify as religiously affiliated spend more time discussing religious/spiritual topics in session. In addition, researchers hoped to learn about what religious content was brought into therapy, and when in the course of short-term therapy spiritual issues arise. Data were gathered from archived session tapes from a community mental health clinic, located at a university that is know in the community to have a strong religious identity. The participants (N = 15) had a mean age of 48.9 years, 60% of them were female and 93.3% self-identified as White; half of them requested faith integrated into their therapy (N = 8). Two session tapes per client were reviewed to look for religious content.
Additional demographic data, Session Rating Scales, Outcome Rating Scales and a post-hocRunning head: SPIRITUAL/RELIGIOUS ISSUES IN THERAPY iv client attitudes questionnaire were collected to provide additional information. The results showed that 80% of clients self reported a religious affiliation and 80% of clients discussed some religious/spiritual content in at least one observed session. These conversations were more frequent in early sessions and were typically initiated by the client. While there was not a statistically significant difference in the amount of time spent discussing spiritual content based on whether clients requested spiritual integration, there was a significant correlation between these factors and a large effect size. The most common content to arise included that surrounding church/faith community, religious texts, and rituals such as prayer. These findings suggest that spiritual issues are commonly brought up by clients and provide some insight into these concerns.