Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task

O’Brien, Kathleen J.; Deanna, M; Kandala, Sridhar; Karcher, Nicole R.

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…A series of pre-registered multi-level regression models were fit in R version 4.2.1 ( R Core Team, 2020 ) and followed up in a series of exploratory analyses. Multi-level regression models were used in this study as they are well-equipped for applications to longitudinal and clustered data, have been used in much of the prior literature using this sample, and recommended for researchers using the ABCD study data ( Bosker and Snijders, 2011 , Dick et al, 2021 , Freeman et al, 2022 , Heeringa and Berglund, 2020 , Holt-Gosselin et al, 2023 , O’Brien et al, 2020 , Saragosa-Harris et al, 2022 ). Pre-registered models included multi-level models with raw CBCL depression scores at the two-year assessment as the dependent variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat experiences moderate the link between hippocampus volume and depression symptoms prospectively in adolescence

Herzberg,

DeJoseph,

Luby

et al. 2024

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat experiences moderate the link between hippocampus volume and depression symptoms prospectively in adolescence

Herzberg,

DeJoseph,

Luby

et al. 2024

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…The average accuracy was 82%. We focused on the fearful versus neutral and happy versus neutral contrasts to index implicit emotion processing (Dreyfuss et al, 2014; O’Brien et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique versus shared neural correlates of externalizing psychopathology in late childhood.

Perlstein,

Hawes,

Byrd

et al. 2024

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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Childhood externalizing psychopathology is heterogeneous. Symptom variability in conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate different subgroups of children with externalizing problems who have specific treatment needs. However, CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits are highly comorbid. Studies need to generate insights into shared versus unique risk mechanisms, including through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, we tested whether symptoms of CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits were best represented within a bifactor framework, simultaneously modeling shared (i.e., general externalizing problems) and unique (i.e., symptom-specific) variance, or through a four-correlated factor or secondorder factor model. Participants (N = 11,878, age, M = 9 years) were from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. We used questionnaire and functional magnetic resonance imaging data (emotional N-back task) from the baseline assessment. A bifactor model specifying a general externalizing and specific CD, ODD, ADHD, and CU traits factors demonstrated the best fit. The four-correlated and second-order factor models both fit the data well and were retained for analyses. Across models, reduced right amygdala activity to fearful faces was associated with more general externalizing problems and reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity to fearful faces was associated with higher CU traits. ADHD scores were related to greater right nucleus accumbens activation to fearful and happy faces. Results give insights into risk mechanisms underlying comorbidity and heterogeneity within externalizing psychopathology.

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“…The emotional n -back task was used to measure working memory, implicit emotion regulation, and reactivity (O'Brien et al, 2020). The task consists of two runs of eight blocks, with 160 total trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arousal/regulatory systems pertain to sensitivity of an organism to external and internal stimuli, which functionally facilitates engagement with the environment in a context specific manner. The emotional stimuli incorporated within cognitive tasks indexing implicit emotion regulation, such as the emotional n -back (O'Brien, Barch, Kandala, & Karcher, 2020) and stroop (Buhle, Wager, & Smith, 2010; Williams, Mathews, & MacLeod, 1996) tasks, stimulate an arousal state in which implicit emotion regulatory abilities can be observed (Dillon, Ritchey, Johnson, & LaBar, 2007; Droit-Volet & Berthon, 2017; Sperduti et al, 2017; Thompson, 2011; Zhang & Zhou, 2014). Conversely, the cognitive tasks themselves dissociate components of the RDoC cognitive system domains.…”

Section: Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

Vargas

Mittal

2021

Dev Psychopathol

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Discrimination has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, though it is unclear how early in life this association becomes apparent. Implicit emotion regulation, developing during childhood, is a foundational skill tied to a range of outcomes. Implicit emotion regulation has yet to be tested as an associated process for mental illness symptoms that can often emerge during this sensitive developmental period. Youth aged 9–11 were recruited for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Associations between psychotic-like experiences, depressive symptoms, and total discrimination (due to race, ethnicity, nationality, weight, or sexual minority status) were tested, as well as associations with implicit emotion regulation measures (emotional updating working memory and inhibitory control). Analyses examined whether associations with symptoms were mediated by implicit emotion regulation. Discrimination related to decreased implicit emotion regulation performance, and increased endorsement of depressive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. Emotional updating working memory performance partially mediated the association between discrimination and psychotic-like experiences, while emotional inhibitory control did not. Discrimination and implicit emotion regulation could serve as putative transdiagnostic markers of vulnerability. Results support the utility of using multiple units of analysis to improve understanding of complex emerging neurocognitive functions and developmentally sensitive periods.

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Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task

Cited by 8 publications

References 85 publications

Threat experiences moderate the link between hippocampus volume and depression symptoms prospectively in adolescence

Threat experiences moderate the link between hippocampus volume and depression symptoms prospectively in adolescence

Unique versus shared neural correlates of externalizing psychopathology in late childhood.

Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

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