Examining the Bicultural Ethnic Identity of Adolescents of a Northeastern Indian Tribe

Brown, Carrie M.; Smirles, Kimberly Eretzian

doi:10.17953/aicr.29.3.f64h8568h0hr6154

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Studies that have examined the relationship between ethnic identity and youth outcomes among other racial/ethnic minority groups have indicated that higher racial/ethnic identity achievement was linked to a range of positive outcomes, including lower internalizing problems and externalizing behaviors, higher self-esteem, increased academic achievement, and improved sense of mastery (Bennett, 2006; Constantine & Blackmon, 2002; Phinney & Alpuria, 1990). However, although several studies have found the protective effect of ethnic identity among American Indian youth (e.g., Jones & Galliher, 2007; Whitesell, Mitchell, Kaufman, & Spicer, 2006; Whitesell et al, 2009), others have reported no associations between ethnic identity and psychological adjustment (Adams, Fryberg, Garcia, & Delgado-Torres, 2006; Brown & Smirles, 2005; LaFromboise, Medoff, Lee, & Harris, 2007). Considering the diversity of American Indian tribes, the ways in which ethnic identity functions to buffer youth from risk factors and promote psychological adjustment may differ by tribal culture, history, and context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Socialization of Culture and Coping with Discrimination Among American Indian Families: Examining Cultural Correlates of Youth Outcomes

Yasui

Dishion

Stormshak

et al. 2015

Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research

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Objective The current study examines the interrelations between observed parental cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination, and youth outcomes among a sample of 92 American Indian adolescents and their parents in a rural reservation. Method Path analysis is used to examine the relationships among observed parental socialization (cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination), and youth-reported perceived discrimination, ethnic identity and depression. Results Findings reveal that higher levels of observed parental cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination predict lower levels of depression as reported by youth 1 year later. Path analyses also show that observed parental cultural socialization and socialization of coping with discrimination are positively associated with youth ethnic identity. Conclusions These findings point to the importance of integrating familial socialization of culture and coping with discrimination in fostering resilience among American Indian youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Socialization of Culture and Coping with Discrimination Among American Indian Families: Examining Cultural Correlates of Youth Outcomes

Yasui

Dishion

Stormshak

et al. 2015

Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research

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“…In line with the findings on immigrants and African Americans, several authors argued that, for American Indians, too, a positive attachment to both the ethnic ingroup and the dominant (White) American society is beneficial to well-being (e.g., LaFromboise, Hoyt, Oliver, & Whitbeck, 2006; Oetting & Beauvais, 1991). However, empirical support for this proposition is mixed (House, Stiffman, & Brown, 2006; Jones & Galliher, 2007): Some studies found positive relations between ethnic identity, orientation toward the mainstream society and various indicators of well-being (e.g., LaFromboise, Albright, & Harris, 2010; Martinez & Dukes, 1997; Moran, Fleming, Somervell, & Manson, 1999; Oetting & Beauvais, 1991), whereas other studies showed nonsignificant or even negative associations (Adams, Fryberg, Garcia, & Delgado-Torres, 2006; Brown & Smirles, 2005; LaFromboise, Medoff, Lee, & Harris, 2007).…”

Section: Ethnic Identity Orientation Toward the Mainstream Society An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Identity and Orientation to White American Culture Are Linked to Well-Being Among American Indians – But in Different Ways

Schiefer

Krahé

2014

Social Psychology

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This study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, orientation toward the White mainstream culture, and psychological well-being among American Indians. In the light of the unique history of American Indians, we investigated the relationship between identification with the American Indian ingroup, orientation toward the dominant White American culture (in terms of showing behavior typical for White mainstream culture as well as positive attitudes and feelings of belonging to White American culture), and self-efficacy and learned helplessness as indicators of psychological well-being. Structural equation analyses with an adolescent and an adult sample revealed a positive relationship between ethnic identity and self-efficacy but no link with learned helplessness. The tendency to show behavior typical for White mainstream culture was associated with higher self-efficacy in both samples and with lower helplessness in the adult subsample. White American orientation in the form of positive attitudes and sense of belonging were associated with higher helplessness in both samples and with lower self-efficacy among adults. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of both ethnic identity and the orientation toward the mainstream culture for well-being among American Indians, focusing on the distinct relations of White American behavior versus White American affiliation with well-being in American Indians.

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“…Research using the BEIS has generally examined both subscales separately although they are sometimes combined to form a measure of biculturalism. The BEIS is based on evidence that cultural orientations for AIs toward AI and mainstream cultures can be independent of each other (Brown & Smirles, 2005; Oetting, Swaim, & Chiarella, 1998). Although not entirely consistent, studies also suggest that a bicultural orientation, consisting of moderately strong orientations toward AI and mainstream cultures, and a strong orientation toward AI culture alone, are associated with positive psychological well-being and social adjustment (Garrett & Pichette, 2000; Oetting & Beauvais, 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethnic identity. We measured AI ethnic identity based on Phinney's (1992) Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), following the precedent of other studies with AIs that tailor the original questions to refer specifically to AI identity (Brown & Smirles, 2005). The MEIM is a widely reported measure of ethnic identity (Smith & Trimble, 2016), with two subscales, ethnic identity attachment and ethnic identity exploration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting in 2 worlds: Effects of a culturally grounded parenting intervention for urban American Indians on participant cultural engagement.

Kulis¹,

Tsethlikai²,

Harthun³

et al. 2020

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Background: Culturally appropriate, evidence-based prevention programs are seldom available to the growing majority of American Indians (AIs) who now live in cities. Parenting in 2 Worlds (P2W), a culturally grounded parenting intervention, was created to strengthen family functioning and reduce behavioral health risks in urban AI families from diverse tribal backgrounds. Objectives: This study reports on the AI cultural engagement of the P2W participants as an outcome of the intervention. Method: Data came from 575 parents of AI children (ages 10 -17) in a randomized controlled trial in three Arizona cities. Parents were recruited through urban Indian centers and randomized to P2W or to an informational family health curriculum, Healthy Families in 2 Worlds (HF2W). Both P2W and HF2W consisted of 10 workshops delivered weekly by AI community facilitators. Pretests and posttests measured identification and engagement with traditional AI heritage, culture and practices. Tests of the efficacy of P2W versus HF2W used baseline adjusted regression models using FIML estimation to adjust for attrition, including random effects (site, facilitator), and controlling dosage. Moderated treatment effects by pretest levels of cultural engagement were tested with mean centered interactions. Results: Compared to parents in HF2W, those in P2W reported significantly larger increases in AI ethnic identity, AI spirituality, and positive mainstream cultural identification. Increases in cultural engagement were significantly larger for P2W participants who were relatively less culturally engaged at pretest. Conclusions: Culturally adapted parenting interventions like P2W that effectively build on AI cultural heritage can also promote greater AI cultural identification and involvement. Public Significance StatementThis study highlights the importance of traditional cultural heritage as a key component of evidencebased parenting interventions for urban American Indian families. The culturally grounded Parenting in 2 Worlds curriculum increased the participants' sense of American Indian ethnic identity and spirituality, which prior research has identified as protective factors that reduce behavioral health risks and promote the physical and mental health of American Indians.

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Examining the Bicultural Ethnic Identity of Adolescents of a Northeastern Indian Tribe

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Socialization of Culture and Coping with Discrimination Among American Indian Families: Examining Cultural Correlates of Youth Outcomes

Socialization of Culture and Coping with Discrimination Among American Indian Families: Examining Cultural Correlates of Youth Outcomes

Ethnic Identity and Orientation to White American Culture Are Linked to Well-Being Among American Indians – But in Different Ways

Parenting in 2 worlds: Effects of a culturally grounded parenting intervention for urban American Indians on participant cultural engagement.

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