“…The core competencies from earlier studies may contribute to the company’s response to changing external and internal contexts, such as technological turbulence ( Mulder et al., 2018 ; Suwannaprom et al., 2020 ). Core competencies must have the following three qualities: (1) enhance consumer benefits, (2) be competitively distinctive and hard to be duplicated by rivals, and (3) must provide access to a broader market ( BERGER, 2016 ; Marneros et al., 2021 ). Core competencies are linked with quality, cost, cycle time, logistics, and business productivity.…”