Examining the ecological validity of the prototype willingness model for adolescent and young adult alcohol use.

Lewis, Melissa A.; Litt, Dana M.; King, Kevin M.; Fairlie, Anne M.; Waldron, Katja A.; Garcia, Tracey A.; LoParco, Cassidy R.; Lee, Christine M.

doi:10.1037/adb0000533

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to corroborating evidence that intentions and willingness vary by occasion, we also demonstrate that intentions and willingness are perceived to shift within the drinking event, which calls into question the current practice of assessing these constructs once daily. We recommend that future work include assessments of intentions and willingness more proximal to the drinking event (e.g., afternoon vs. morning assessment; Lewis et al, 2020) and, if possible, include repeated assessments of these constructs during the drinking event itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative examination of intentions and willingness for heavy drinking among young adult high-intensity drinkers.

Stevens¹,

Boyle²,

Miller³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and high-intensity drinking (HID) are common in young adulthood but pose unique risks. Quantitative studies have used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Prototype-Willingness Model (PWM) to understand decision-making processes underlying alcohol misuse. However, our understanding of intentions (plans) and willingness (openness) for HED/HID is in its nascent stages. This study represents the first qualitative examination of relationships between intentions and willingness to engage in HED/HID. Method: We conducted individual interviews among 28 young adult high-intensity drinkers (12 male, 15 female, 1 trans male; M age = 23 years). Interviews focused on HED/HID events with open-ended questions examining: (a) variability in intentions/willingness by occasion and within a drinking event; (b) formation of intentions for consumption and/or intoxication; and (c) interplay of willingness and intentions on heavy drinking nights. Verbatim transcripts were coded within NVivo software and content was analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Results: Participants described intentions and willingness as varying by occasion and perceived their shifting across a drinking event. Intentions for heavy drinking reflected a desired level of intoxication, rather than a specific number of drinks. Willingness, rather than intentions, to engage in heavy drinking/HID was more evident. Conclusions: Findings have significant implications for future measurement work in this area. There may be value in assessing intentions and willingness multiple times per day and during the drinking event itself. We also recommend that intentions for both consumption and intoxication levels be assessed, particularly in studies aiming to examine impaired control. Public Health SignificanceThis study demonstrated the importance of both intentions and willingness as decision-making factors that influence heavy drinking in young adults. Our findings showed that young adults more so plan for a level of intoxication, rather than a specific number of drinks to consume. We also highlight that young adults perceive that their intentions and willingness to drink and become intoxicated change during the drinking event itself, which has implications for targeting these factors in the moment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative examination of intentions and willingness for heavy drinking among young adult high-intensity drinkers.

Stevens¹,

Boyle²,

Miller³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent research has suggested that peoples' daily or momentary coping and enhancement motives for drinking are robust predictors of same day emotional drinking (Stevenson et al, 2019;Votaw & Witkiewitz, 2021). Other cognitive factors, such as cravings (Serre et al, 2015;Waddell et al, 2021), the momentary reinforcement value of alcohol (Murphy & Mackillop, 2006), and other drinking-related cognitions (Lewis et al, 2020) have been shown to vary within person and may be important for understanding how drinking motives are enacted to influence alcohol use in daily and momentary data.…”

Section: Implications For Motivational Models Of Alcohol Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data

Dora¹,

Piccirillo²,

Foster³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associations between affect and alcohol use. We included individual participant data from 69 studies (N = 12,394), which used daily and momentary surveys to assess affect and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed. Results indicate that people do not drink more often on days they experience high negative affect, but are more likely to drink and drink heavily on days high in positive affect. People self-reporting a motivational tendency to drink-to-cope and drink-to-enhance were estimated to consume more alcohol, but not to consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect. Results were robust across different operationalizations of affect, study designs, study populations, and individual characteristics. Based on our findings, we collectively propose an agenda for future research to explore open questions surrounding affect and alcohol use.

show abstract

“…Despite strong empirical support that willingness prospectively predicts real-world use, future studies incorporating real-time assessments of use and competing mechanisms (e.g., expectancies, motives, intentions, and craving) across methods (e.g., laboratory-based; EMA) are needed (Anderson et al, 2013, 2014; Lewis et al, 2019). Another concern is whether this study was statistically powered to detect the moderation of SA and Rejection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol and cannabis are the two most widely used substances in the U.S. with initial rates of use and use-related disorders peaking in emerging adulthood (Franco et al, 2019; Grant et al, 2015; Hasin et al, 2016; Schulenberg et al, 2019). Emerging adults (18–25 years) in college are at particularly high risk for substance use, in part, because college campuses provide more opportunities to use substances in higher-risk contexts (e.g., at parties with people they do not know well) and regularly engage with substance-using peers (Allen et al, 2017; Arnett, 2005; Lewis et al, 2019). Socially anxious individuals who are hypersensitive to social cues and the fear of potential rejection may be at an even greater risk for developing use-related problems during this time (Abrams et al, 2001; Buckner et al, 2012; Conway et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like craving, use willingness can be elicited in the lab, predicts substance use behaviors, and is influenced by prior use. Whereas variation in craving is often only observed in heavier users, use willingness predicts real-time and long-term use behaviors across age and use levels (Anderson et al, 2013; Gibbons et al, 2004; Ladd et al, 2016; Lewis et al, 2019). By capturing the overall tendency to use substances in response to internal (craving/coping) and external (mimicking/conformity) cues, use willingness may be able to more meaningfully mark both existing and emerging substance use risks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An experimental investigation of peer rejection and social anxiety on alcohol and cannabis use willingness: Accounting for social contexts and use cues in the laboratory.

Cloutier

Anderson

Kearns

et al. 2021

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Evidence suggests that social anxiety (SA) is a risk factor for problematic alcohol and cannabis use, particularly during states of social stress. Unfortunately, laboratory studies to date have overlooked decisionmaking mechanisms (e.g., use willingness) and contextual features of commonly used social stress tasks that may clarify what is driving these links. The current study begins to address this gap by testing the effects of SA and laboratory-induced peer rejection on acute alcohol and cannabis use willingness within a simulated party setting. Method: 80 emerging adults (18-25 years; 70% women) endorsing lifetime alcohol and cannabis use were randomly assigned to experience rejection or neutral social cues. They rated their willingness to use alcohol and cannabis before and after cue exposure within the simulated party. A hierarchical regression tested the main and interaction effects of SA symptoms and experimental condition (Rejection vs. Neutral) on alcohol and cannabis use willingness, controlling for past-year use frequency and willingness to accept any offers (e.g., food and nonalcoholic drinks). Results: There were statistically significant main (but not interaction) effects of SA and experimental condition on cannabis use willingness. Higher SA and Rejection exposure were each associated with greater cannabis use willingness. There were neither main nor interaction effects on alcohol willingness. Conclusions: Results suggest that elevated SA increases cannabis use willingness across social contexts, regardless of Rejection exposure, while Rejection exposure increases use willingness similarly across levels of SA. Together, findings reinforce the need to consider social-contextual factors and polysubstance use in laboratory settings. Public Health Significance StatementSubstance use often occurs in social settings where multiple substances are available; because socially anxious individuals are hypersensitive to social cues, this study reinforces the need to carefully model individual-and context-level interactions on substance use risk in laboratory-based designs. Specifically, findings suggest that in social settings where both alcohol and cannabis are available, experiencing rejection increases vulnerability for cannabis use, but not alcohol use. Findings also suggest that young adults with elevated social anxiety (SA) are more willing to use cannabis in social situations, even without experiencing rejection or elevated anxiety symptoms.

show abstract

Examining the ecological validity of the prototype willingness model for adolescent and young adult alcohol use.

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

A qualitative examination of intentions and willingness for heavy drinking among young adult high-intensity drinkers.

A qualitative examination of intentions and willingness for heavy drinking among young adult high-intensity drinkers.

The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data

An experimental investigation of peer rejection and social anxiety on alcohol and cannabis use willingness: Accounting for social contexts and use cues in the laboratory.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About