“…A substantial body of research has emerged in recent years looking at the efficacy of sanctions in community supervision. Much of this research suggests that sanctions administered consistent with the principles of the SCF framework can be effective in improving compliance and supervision outcomes (Grommon, Cox, Davidson, & Bynum, 2013; Hamilton, Campbell, van Wormer, Kigerl, & Posey, 2016; Hawken & Kleiman, 2009; Kilmer, Nicosia, Heaton, & Midgette, 2013; Steiner, Makarios, Travis, & Meade, 2012). The most well-known of these studies is Hawken and Kleiman’s (2009) evaluation of the Hawaii HOPE program, which found that probationers supervised under HOPE had fewer positive drug tests, fewer missed appointments, lower revocation rates, and spent fewer days in prison than the comparison group over a 12-month follow-up.…”