Examining the psychometric properties of the autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire (ASK-Q) in multiple contexts

Harrison, Ashley J.; Paff, Madison L.; Kaff, Marilyn

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.002

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The alignment between the two computational approaches observed for both samples further indicates the validity of ASK-Q in discrimination of individuals with adequate knowledge and those without. Nonetheless, these cutoffs appeared to be slightly higher than the original cutoffs of 10 for D/S, 10 for ET, 9 for TR, and 2 for ST in Harrison et al (2019).…”

Section: Cutoffs For Knowledge Adequacy and Stigma Endorsementmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Mean scores on the four ASK-Q subscales are presented in Table 2, along with previous data from a U.S. community sample ( N = 478; Stronach et al, 2019) and a Mongolian parent sample ( N = 40; Harrison et al, 2019). Judging by the numbers, the current Chinese sample, but not the United States, sample scored consistently lower compared with the published U.S. data on all four subscales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison with the United States will not only potentially inform the low prevalence estimates, critical shortage of education and service provision, and inadequate advocacy efforts in China, but might also provide novel evidence for cultural differences in ASD knowledge constructs that could generalize to other parts of the developing world. Although the ASK-Q was developed with cross-cultural sensitivity in mind, most of the published validation research relied on samples from the United States (Harrison, Bradshaw et al, 2017; Harrison et al, 2019; Stronach et al, 2019). With the exception of a very small dataset from Mongolia (Harrison et al, 2019), research has yet to verify whether similar psychometric performance of ASK-Q would hold in a distinct cultural and linguistic setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ASK-Q was developed with cross-cultural sensitivity in mind, most of the published validation research relied on samples from the United States (Harrison, Bradshaw et al, 2017; Harrison et al, 2019; Stronach et al, 2019). With the exception of a very small dataset from Mongolia (Harrison et al, 2019), research has yet to verify whether similar psychometric performance of ASK-Q would hold in a distinct cultural and linguistic setting. This study has the following specific aims: (1) translate and adapt the ASK-Q into Chinese and examine the cross-cultural validity within a large Chinese sample, (2) gather information about and compare public perception of ASD in China and the United States, and (3) identify the specific knowledge deficits and sociodemographic factors associated with misconceptions and stigma among the Chinese public.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States

Stronach

Harrison

2020

Autism

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Autism spectrum disorder in China differs considerably from autism spectrum disorder in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities, and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of autism spectrum disorder awareness could be a key factor underlying the disparities. To date, there has been no evaluation of autism spectrum disorder knowledge among the general public of China. Using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire developed for use in diverse cultural contexts, this study uncovered profoundly different public views about autism spectrum disorder in China compared with the United States. Determined by cognitive diagnosis modeling, 86%–91% of the surveyed U.S. citizens ( N = 1127) achieved adequate autism spectrum disorder knowledge in diagnosis/symptoms, etiology, and treatment, whereas for the Chinese citizens ( N = 1254) the percentages were only 57%–65%. Moreover, 14% of the participants from the United States were classified to endorse autism spectrum disorder stigma; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese participants endorsed autism spectrum disorder stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed knowledge deficits primarily in the areas of autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, comorbid intellectual impairment, and prognosis. Sociodemographic factors associated with the Chinese citizen’s misconceptions included gender, ethnicity, social economic factors, among others. These results have important implications for increasing public awareness and promoting community participation for autistic individuals in China. Lay abstract ASD in China differs considerably from ASD in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of ASD awareness could be a key factor underlying these disparities. We asked 1127 U.S. citizens and 1254 Chinese citizens about their autism knowledge using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q).The results indicated profoundly different public views about ASD in China compared to the U.S. Specifically, only 57%-65% of the Chinese citizens demonstrated adequate ASD knowledge compared to 86%-91% in the U.S. citizens. Fourteen percent of the U.S. citizens were shown to hold stigma beliefs towards ASD; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese citizens indicated ASD stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed misconceptions about ASD related to symptoms, causes, and possible long-term outcomes. In China but not in the U.S., male citizens and citizens with lower social economic status were more likely to have misconceptions about ASD than others were. The findings of this research can help increase public awareness about ASD and create a more inclusive environment for autistic people in China.

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Section: Cutoffs For Knowledge Adequacy and Stigma Endorsementmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States

Stronach

Harrison

2020

Autism

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“…We evaluated ASD knowledge with a self-developed questionnaire as we could not identify suitable questionnaires at the start of the study. During the course of this study, the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q) was developed for evaluating both ASD knowledge and stigma and has strong psychometric properties (Harrison et al 2019 ; Harrison et al 2017a ). While the CAMI is widely used to assess stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness in general, it is unknown how the CAMI relates to stigma toward autism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians

Hof

Berckelaer-Onnes

Deen

et al. 2020

Community Ment Health J

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Professionals' limited knowledge on mental health and their stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness can delay the diagnosis of autism. We evaluated the knowledge on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and stigmatizing attitudes in 93 physicians at Dutch Youth and Family Centers (YFC). These physicians screen for psychiatric symptoms in children. We show that their general ASD knowledge scored 7.1 (SD 1.2), but their specific ASD knowledge was only 5.7 (SD 1.7) (weighted means on 1-10 scale, 1 = least knowledge, 10 = most knowledge). Our physicians had positive attitudes toward mental illness (CAMI scores 2.18 (SD 0.33) to 2.22 (SD 0.40) on a 5-point Likert scale) but they had higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes than other Western healthcare professionals. Their levels were considerably lower than in non-Western professionals. We found no relations between ASD knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and demographic variables. In conclusion, ASD knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness in Dutch YFC physicians require attention.

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Identifying Factors Related to Successful Enrollment in Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education

Harrison,

Bhimani,

Allen

et al. 2023

Early Childhood Educ J

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Examining the psychometric properties of the autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire (ASK-Q) in multiple contexts

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States

Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States

Novel Insights into Autism Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Illness in Dutch Youth and Family Center Physicians

Identifying Factors Related to Successful Enrollment in Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education

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