Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

Duan, Huabo; Hou, Kezuo; Li, Jinhui; Zhu, Xiaotao

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.057

Cited by 164 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Beryllium, mercury, selenium and thallium were not detected in any of the analyzed WPCBs. On average, all metals accounted for approximately 44% of WPCB materials, higher than the generally reported level of 40% (Duan et al, 2011). Tin-lead solder material was used throughout the 1990s to manufacture PCBs (Ogunseitan, 2007).…”

Section: Metallic Contents Of Wpcbsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Copper is used to transmit electric signals in the PCBs (Duan et al, 2011), and its use is fundamental, regardless of technological innovation or period of PCB manufacture. Iron (142 00-149 000 mg/kg), aluminum (295 00-816 00 mg/kg), tin (393 00-648 00 mg/kg) and zinc (190 00-552 00 mg/kg) are also abundant, together representing (Li et al, 2012).…”

Section: Metallic Contents Of Wpcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

Chen

Ogunseitan

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

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Rapid innovation in printed circuit board, and the uncertainties surrounding quantification of the human and environmental health impacts of e-waste disposal have made it difficult to confirm the influence of evolving ewaste management strategies and regulatory policies on materials. To assess these influences, we analyzed hazardous chemicals in a market-representative set of Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs, 1996(WPCBs, -2010. We used standard leaching tests to characterize hazard potential and USEtox ® to project impacts on human health and ecosystem. The results demonstrate that command-and-control regulations have had minimal impacts on WPCBs composition and toxicity risks; whereas technological innovation may have been influenced more by resource conservation, including a declining trend in the use of precious metals such as gold. WPCBs remain classified as hazardous under U.S. and California laws because of excessive toxic metals. Lead poses the most significant risk for cancers; zinc for non-cancer diseases; copper had the largest potential impact on ecosystem quality. Among organics, acenaphthylene, the largest risk for cancers; naphthalene for non-cancer diseases; pyrene has the highest potential for ecotoxicological impacts. These findings support the need for stronger enforcement of international policies and technology innovation to implement the strategy of design-for-theenvironment and to encourage recovery, recycling, and reuse of WPCBs.

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Section: Metallic Contents Of Wpcbsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Metallic Contents Of Wpcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

Chen

Ogunseitan

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

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“…Second, e-waste is known to all because of its notorious pollution caused by artisanal recycling. Guiyu, a small town in Guangdong Province, in the south of China, is severely contaminated because people there recycle resources from e-waste by artisanal mining (Duan et al, 2011a). The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-pdioxins, dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) there were about 58-691 ng/g, 30 times higher than other urban sites (Duan et al, 2011b;Nguyen Minh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on copper leaching from waste printed circuit boards by typical ionic liquid acids

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tWaste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are attracting increasing concerns because the recovery of its content of valuable metallic resources is hampered by the presence of hazardous substances. In this study, we used ionic liquids (IL) The results showed that all six IL acids could successfully leach copper out, with near 100% recovery. WPCB particle size and leaching time had similar influences on copper leaching performance, while IL acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide addition, solid to liquid ratio, temperature, showed different influences. Moreover, IL acid with HSO 4 À was more efficient than IL acid with CF 3 SO 3 À . These six IL acids indicate a similar behavior with common inorganic acids, except temperature since copper leaching rate of some IL acids decreases with its increase. The results of leaching kinetics studies showed that diffusion plays a more important role than surface reaction, whereas copper leaching by inorganic acids is usually controlled by surface reaction. This innovation provides a new option for recovering valuable materials such as copper from WPCBs.

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“…Such artisanal mining processes contribute to the exposure of workers, nearby residents, and ecosystems to toxic metals and halogenated flame retardant chemicals, with devastating consequences to health and environmental quality. 2,5,6 Many studies based on pyrometallurgy, 7−10 hydrometallurgy, 11−13 biometallurgy, 14,15 supercritical fluid, 16,17 and mechanical−physical processes, 18,19 mainly aiming at metal recovery, 20,21 have been conducted to identify cost-effective and environmentally sustainable ways of recycling WPCBs. However, these studies focus on bare boards not mounted with ECs, which does not represent the real scenario of discarded WPCBAs that typically contain capacitors, relays, resistors, and integrated circuits.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, disassembling ECs from WPCBs is a crucial step in the WPCBAs recycling chain to conserve scarce resources, reuse functioning ECs, and eliminate potential exposure to hazardous materials. 2,22,23 Developing sustainable technology for WPCBAs disassembly is urgent, particularly in the developing countries in Asia and Africa, where unregulated recyclers use artisanal tools to separate ECs by simply heating WPCBAs on a coal-heated plate to melt solders. Serious environment pollution and severe exposure to toxic chemicals result from these crude practices.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Waste Disassembly with Industrial Waste Heat

Chen

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are resource-rich but hazardous, demanding innovative strategies for post-consumer collection, recycling, and mining for economically precious constituents. A novel technology for disassembling electronic components from WPCBs is proposed, using hot air to melt solders and to separate the components and base boards. An automatic heated-air disassembling equipment was designed to operate at a heating source temperature at a maximum of 260 °C and an inlet pressure of 0.5 MPa. A total of 13 individual WPCBs were subjected to disassembling tests at different preheat temperatures in increments of 20 °C between 80 and 160 °C, heating source temperatures ranging from 220 to 300 °C in increments of 20 °C, and incubation periods of 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 min. For each experimental treatment, the disassembly efficiency was calculated as the ratio of electronic components released from the board to the total number of its original components. The optimal preheat temperature, heating source temperature, and incubation period to disassemble intact components were 120 °C, 260 °C, and 2 min, respectively. The disassembly rate of small surface mount components (side length ≤ 3 mm) was 40−50% lower than that of other surface mount components and pin through hole components. On the basis of these results, a reproducible and sustainable industrial ecological protocol using steam produced by industrial exhaust heat coupled to electronic-waste recycling is proposed, providing an efficient, promising, and green method for both electronic component recovery and industrial exhaust heat reutilization.

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Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

Cited by 164 publications

References 40 publications

Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

Evolution of electronic waste toxicity: Trends in innovation and regulation

Comparative study on copper leaching from waste printed circuit boards by typical ionic liquid acids

Electronic Waste Disassembly with Industrial Waste Heat

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