Excess Cancers Among HIV-Infected People in the United States

Robbins, Hilary A.; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Shiels, Meredith S.; Li, Jianmin; Hall, H. Irene; Engels, Eric A.

doi:10.1093/jnci/dju503

Cited by 229 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in individuals living with HIV/AIDS today (1,2). While the introduction of effective HIV therapy was concurrent with a decline in the incidence of KS in the United States, KS incidence has stabilized and remained essentially level since 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Dittmer

Damania

2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

182

152

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Dittmer

Damania

2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

182

152

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“…In our study, some of the NADM, including lung and liver cancers, were diagnosed in HIV/AIDS persons on average some 20 years earlier than in the general population and were in more advanced stages [27,29]. One theory of these malignancies is that HIV accelerates immunological aging and induces genetical instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of ADM has decreased, but the incidence of some NADM and the total cancer burden in HIV/AIDS population has increased [2,14]. In comparison to general population, additional factors for NADM development in HIV/ AIDS patients are immunosuppression, high rates of oncogenic virus infection and the potential oncogenic eff ect of HIV itself [29,31]. It has been suggested that in ADM the severity but in NADM the duration of immunodefi ciency play an etiologic role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiform spectrum of pulmonary disease in lethal HIV infection cases in Latvia (2012–2016)

Kleina

Fjodorova

Dabužinskienė

et al. 2017

PoA

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In 2016, the proportion of HIV-infected persons in the Baltic countries was as follows: Latvia 18.5, Estonia 17.4, Lithuania 7.4 per 100,000 of population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the spectrum and morphology of combined lung pathologies in fatal HIV/AIDS cases in Latvia from 2010 to 2016. We did a retrospective review of the HIV/AIDS patients' medical autopsy case files and histological slides at the Pathology Centre of Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital. All statistical data were processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. We analysed 455 cases -311 (69%) men, 134 (31%) women. The mean age of the analysed patients was 40 years (±9 SD, range 22-68). The conditions leading to death were opportunistic infections (OI) -28%, tuberculosis (TB) -23%, wasting syndrome complicated by nonspecific pneumonia and sepsis or HIV/AIDS unrelated conditions -27%, malignancies -11% (B large cell lymphoma, primary and secondary cancers of the lung, Kaposi sarcoma), and end stage liver disease -11%. Lungs were affected in 380 cases (83.5%). We identified 112 cases of tuberculosis (TB). In 21%, it was isolated pulmonary TB, in 79% -disseminated TB. Additionally, OI were proved in 26% of these patients. The prevalence of OI was higher in patients who died from isolated pulmonary TB. We also identified 10 cases of disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 126 persons -77% (n=97) of them had one, but 23% (n=29) had two or more OIs. The most common isolated OI with lung involvement was https://doi.org/10.12697/poa.2017.26.2.06Papers on Anthropology XXVI/2, 2017, pp. 53-67 54 | R. Kleina, O. Fjodorova, A. Dabužinskienė, J. Nazarovs, O. Mahmajeva Pneumocystis jiroveci (PC) pneumonia (n=71, 15.6%); 10% had cryptococcosis, 1% -pulmonary aspergillosis and Candida pneumonia each. 40 patients (9%) had disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV). Among the various combinations of oppor tunistic infections, the most common was PC+CMV. 81% of HIV patients were unemployed and prisoners with interrupted treatment. We concluded that our study revealed that combined opportunistic infections and TB were the most frequently observed pulmonary infections, followed by primary and secondary lung malignancies and bacterial pneumonia in HIV/ AIDS unrelated cases of multiorgan disease. Diagnostic difficulties occurred mainly in disseminated diseases due to nonspecific clinical presentation, similar appearance on imaging studies and limited bacterial diagnostic possibilities after death.

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“…However, some studies showed overall rates of screening being slightly higher among men with HIV [31]. Other publications did not show an excess cancer burden in people with HIV in the United States regarding colorectal carcinoma in contrast to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, anal cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer [32,33]. Therapy of colorectal carcinoma is not different in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients.…”

Section: Colorectal Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Associated Gastrointestinal Cancer

et al. 2017

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People living nowadays with HIV and AIDS may be treated effectively regarding virus replication and immunology. However, non-AIDS-defining cancer is of growing relevance due to high incidence and unfavorable outcome. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma. Although literature on GI cancer is rare, an increased incidence of esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and colorectal carcinoma has been demonstrated. However, there are only few reports on therapy strategies and outcome, so that, despite increased occurrence of many GI carcinomas, only little is known about individualized treatment options and outcome in HIV-positive patients. More efforts have to be undertaken to close this gap.

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Excess Cancers Among HIV-Infected People in the United States

Abstract: The excess cancer burden in the US HIV population is substantial, and patterns across groups highlight opportunities for cancer control initiatives targeted to HIV-infected people.

Cited by 229 publications

References 35 publications

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Multiform spectrum of pulmonary disease in lethal HIV infection cases in Latvia (2012–2016)

HIV-Associated Gastrointestinal Cancer

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