Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Dittmer, Dirk P.; Damania, Blossom

doi:10.1172/jci84418

Cited by 182 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(180 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

158

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While microbes as displayed in Table 1 have been considered cancer-causing microbes, pathobionts, such as those discussed in this review would not qualify. This limitation of the classic Koch’s postulates has been discussed (Fredrick and Relman) and, thus, we now need to consider in our analyses for putative disease causation microbial communities or specific microbes that induce disease under certain conditions (113). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Chen

Domingue

Sears

2017

Seminars in Immunology

146

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi residing predominantly in epidermal and mucosal habitats across the body, such as skin, oral cavity, lung, intestine and vagina. These symbiotic communities in health, or dysbiotic communities in disease, display tremendous interaction with the local environment and systemic responses, playing a critical role in the host’s nutrition, immunity, metabolism and diseases including cancers. While the profiling of normal microbiota in healthy populations is useful and necessary, more recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with disease, particularly cancers. In this paper, we review current evidence on the role of the human microbiota in four cancer types (colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer) proposed as affected by both the oral and gut microbiota, and provide a perspective on current gaps in the knowledge of the microbiota and cancer.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Chen

Domingue

Sears

2017

Seminars in Immunology

146

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The molecular biology of KSHV has recently been reviewed in detail [17]. For the purpose of this article it is important to recall that KSHV is a double-strand DNA virus, which encodes more than 80 proteins and an extensive set of micro RNAs.…”

Section: Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (Kshv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm of people living with HIV today. In Sub-Saharan Africa KS is among the most common cancers in men, overall. Not only HIV+ individuals present with KS; any immune compromised person infected with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 is at risk: the elderly, children in KSHV-endemic areas, and transplant recipients. KS diagnosis is based on detection of the viral protein LANA in the biopsy, but not all cases of KS are the same or will respond to the same therapy. Standard KS therapy has not changed in 20 years, but newer modalities are on the horizon and will be discussed.

show abstract

“…Observing cutaneous KS is part of the definition of AIDS (reviewed in [2] ). KS disease is associated with declining immune status in the setting of untreated HIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral shedding of herpesviruses in HIV-infected patients with varying degrees of immune status

Dittmer

Tamburro

Chen

et al. 2017

Aids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Herpesvirus shedding in the oral cavity was analyzed to determine if presence in the oral compartment correlates with systemic changes in HIV-associated immune deficiency as measured by CD4+ counts, plasma HIV viral load (VL) and presence of AIDS-defining events. Design A5254 is a multicenter, cross-sectional, single-visit study to evaluate oral complications of HIV/AIDS and determine the association between clinical appearance, herpesvirus shedding and immune status as ascertained by CD4 count and HIV viral load. 307 HIV infected individuals were evaluated and throat wash collected. Methods Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess the association between presence of herpes viruses and the state of immunodeficiency as stratified by a combination of CD4+ count and HIV VL. Relationship between pathogens and HIV VL in plasma was modeled by logistic regression. Results The presence of cytomegalovirus CMV and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) in throat wash was associated with decreased CD4 counts. By contrast Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and EBV were similarly detectable across all levels of CD4 counts. One unit increase in log10(HIV VL) was associated with 1.31 times higher odds of detecting CMV in throat wash when controlling for oral candidiasis, CD4 count, and sites (95% CI 1.04 –1.65, P=0.02). Conclusions Oral CMV shedding was significantly higher in highly immunocompromised HIV+ participants. Our finding supports the recommendations to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) independent of CD4 count as this may have the added benefit to lower the risk of herpes virus transmission among persons infected with HIV and their partners.

show abstract

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy

Cited by 182 publications

References 199 publications

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

Oral shedding of herpesviruses in HIV-infected patients with varying degrees of immune status

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About