Excess Lung Cancer Risk in a Synthetic Chemicals Plant

Waxweiler, Richard J.; Smith, Allan H.; Falk, Henry; Tyroler, Herman A.

doi:10.2307/3429310

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Only the difference in cumulative exposure to PVC was significant (p < 0.037) when the cases of adenocarcinoma and undiffer-entiated large cell carcinoma were compared with the control series. 5 When updating this cohort, however, Wu et al found no significant relation between the cumulative exposure to PVC (or to VCM) and lung cancer risk in his nested case-referent study. 6 Furthermore, cancer incidence data and person-year mass from 454 workers of a Norwegian polymerisation PVC plant have been used to estimate the lung cancer rate in PVC baggers and driers (172.2×10 5 ) as well as in other workers (28.8×10 5 ), obtaining in the former a risk 5.98 times higher than in the latter.…”

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confidence: 80%

Lung cancer risk in workers exposed to poly(vinyl chloride) dust: a nested case-referent study

Mastrangelo

2003

Occup Environ Med

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Background: There have been few investigations of an association between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) dust exposure and an increase in lung cancer incidence, and their conclusions have been inconsistent. Aims: To determine whether PVC and/or vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the associated risk factor(s), by means of a nested case-referent study, in order to estimate lung cancer risk, avoiding selection, information, or confounding biases. Methods: Thirty eight cases of histologically verified lung cancer and 224 control subjects without a history of cancer were selected from an Italian cohort of 1658 vinyl chloride workers. Information sources included clinical records (diagnosis, smoking habits) and plant records (occupational history). The risk of lung cancer was estimated by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated using logistic regression models. Results: In PVC baggers exposed to high levels of respirable PVC particles in the workplace, the lung cancer OR increases by 20% for each extra year of work (OR = 1.2003; 95% CI 1.0772 to 1.3469; p = 0.0010), when the influence of age and smoking habits is controlled. No relation was found between lung cancer and cumulative VCM exposure. Conclusion: This nested case-control study showed, in the VCM/PVC industry, an increased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to PVC dust; previous cohort studies failed to recognise such excess, probably because they used VCM exposure as the risk indicator.

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confidence: 80%

Lung cancer risk in workers exposed to poly(vinyl chloride) dust: a nested case-referent study

Mastrangelo

2003

Occup Environ Med

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“…Experimental studies with rats exposed to AN by inhalation, drinking water and gavage have produced astrocytomas in the brain and spinal cord, tumors of the Zymbal gland (in the auditory canal) and tumors of the forestomach, stomach and mammary gland [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990a;International These experimental studies have prompted at least 23 epidemiological studies of acrylonitrile workers since 1977 [Kiesselbach et al, 1980;O'Berg, 1980a, b;Ott et al, 1980;Theiss et al, 1980;Zack, 1980;Delzell and Monson, 1981;Gaffey and Strauss, 1981;Herman, 1981;Werner and Carter, 1981;Waxweiler et al, 1981;Marsh, 1983;Burke, 1985a, b;O'Berg et al, 1985;Chen et al, 1987;1988a, b;Collins et al, 1989;Zhou and Wang, 1991;Swaen et al, 1992;Mastrangelo et al, 1993;Siemiatycki et al, 1994] and at least 10 reviews [Guirguiss et al, 1984;Koerselman and van der Graaf, 1984; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987;Strother et al, 1988;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990b;Doll, 1991;Ward and Starr, 1993;Rothman, 1994;Blair and Kazerouni, 1997].…”

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confidence: 99%

Mortality among chemical plant workers exposed to acrylonitrile and other substances

et al. 1999

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“…We identi ed 29 studies. Twenty-four were published, (Benn and Osborne, 1998;Blair et al, 1998;Chen et al, 1987Chen et al, , 1988aChen et al, , 1988bCollins et al, 1989;Delzell and Monson, 1982;Keisselbach et al, 1980;Marsh, 1983;Mastrangelo et al, 1993;O'Berg, 1980aO'Berg, , 1980bO'Berg et al, 1985;Ott et al, 1980Ott et al, , 1989Siemiatycki et al, 1994;Swaen et al, 1992Swaen et al, , 1998Thiess et al, 1980;Thomas et al, 1987;Waxweiler et al, 1981;Werner and Carter, 1981;Wood et al, 1998;Zhou and Wang, 1991), and ve were unpublished ("The Mortality Experience of Monsanto Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile" by Zack, "Cohort Mortality Study of Scotts Bluff/Baton Rouge Uniroyal Plant" by Herman, "A Mortality Study of Workers Potentially Exposed to Acrylonitrile During Start-up: Monsanto Decatur Plant" by Gaffey and Strauss, "Mortality and Cancer Incidence among Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile at the Memphis Plant" by Burke, and "Mortality and Cancer Incidence among Workers Exposed to Acrylonitrile at the Beaumont Works" by Burke). We omitted two studies because they studied workers exposed to both dimethylformamide and acrylonitrile (Chen et al, 1988a(Chen et al, , 1988b, while a slightly earlier study on the same workforce provided data on only acrylonitrile workers (Chen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS tumors and exposure to acrylonitrile: Inconsistency between experimental and epidemiology studies

Collins¹,

Strother²

1999

Neuro-Oncol

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Acrylonitrile is a potent CNS tumorigen in rats leading to concern that it may be a tumorigen in humans. There have been 12 epidemiology studies of 37,352 workers exposed to acrylonitrile which evaluate CNS cancers. We summarize and evaluate these epidemiology studies for CNS cancers using the methods of meta-analysis. Our analyses indicate that workers with acrylonitrile exposure have null findings for CNS cancer (relative risk = 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.5), which are in stark contrast to the projected risk to humans using the rat findings (relative risk = 3.5, 95% confidence interval 3.0-4.0). We discuss several explanations for the inconsistency between animal and human findings, including the possibility that the acrylonitrile-induced rat CNS tumors may not be relevant to humans. Given the rarity of CNS tumors in humans and a lack of understanding of the causal mechanisms of these tumors in rats, however, a more definitive conclusion will have to await additional experimental and observational data. Nevertheless, the epidemiology evidence indicates that acrylonitrile is not a potent CNS tumorigen.

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Excess Lung Cancer Risk in a Synthetic Chemicals Plant

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Lung cancer risk in workers exposed to poly(vinyl chloride) dust: a nested case-referent study

Lung cancer risk in workers exposed to poly(vinyl chloride) dust: a nested case-referent study

Mortality among chemical plant workers exposed to acrylonitrile and other substances

CNS tumors and exposure to acrylonitrile: Inconsistency between experimental and epidemiology studies

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