Excessive production of sex hormones in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor

Millard, Ralph P.; Pickens, Erika H.; Wells, Katherine L.

doi:10.2460/javma.234.4.505

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The clinical consequences of a 20% adrenal gland enlargement due to hyperthyroidism are variable. In adrenal tumors, the reported short‐axis size of the adrenal gland is more than 1 cm (more than 100% enlargement), ranging often between 2 and 4 cm . Additionally, adrenal tumors are mostly unilateral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Measurements of Adrenal Glands in Cats With Hyperthyroidism

Combes

Vandermeulen

Duchateau

et al. 2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Feline hyperthyroidism is potentially associated with exaggerated responsiveness of the adrenal gland cortex. The adrenal glands of 23 hyperthyroid cats were examined ultrasonographically and compared to the adrenal glands of 30 control cats. Ten hyperthyroid cats had received antithyroid drugs until 2 weeks before sonography, the other 13 were untreated. There was no difference in adrenal gland shape between healthy and hyperthyroid cats: bean-shaped, well-defined, hypoechoic structures surrounded by a hyperechoic halo in 43/60 (71.6%) healthy cats and 34/46 (73.9%) hyperthyroid cats; more ovoid in 13/60 (21.6%) healthy cats and 9/46 (19.6%) hyperthyroid cats while more elongated in 4/60 (6.7%) healthy cats, 3/46 (6.5%) hyperthyroid cats. Hyperechoic foci were present in 9/23 (39.1%) hyperthyroid cats and 2/30 (6.7%) healthy cats. The adrenal glands were significantly larger in hyperthyroid cats, although there was overlap in size range. The mean difference between hyperthyroid cats and healthy cats was 1.6 and 1.7 mm in left and right adrenal gland length, 0.8 and 0.9 mm in left and right cranial adrenal gland height, and 0.4 and 0.9 mm in left and right caudal adrenal gland height. There was no significant difference between the adrenal gland measurements in treated and untreated hyperthyroid cats. The adrenomegaly was most likely associated with the hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex documented in hyperthyroid cats. Hyperthyroidism should be an alternative to hyperadrenocorticism, hyperaldosteronism, and acromegaly in cats with bilateral moderate adrenomegaly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Measurements of Adrenal Glands in Cats With Hyperthyroidism

Combes

Vandermeulen

Duchateau

et al. 2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…A relatively limited number of cats with increased secretion of progestagens or other sex hormones from adrenal gland tumors has been described (Boord and Griffin, 1999;Rossmeisl et al, 2000;Boag et al, 2004;DeClue et al, 2005;Millard et al, 2009;Blois et al, 2010;Meler et al, 2011). Some cats have had excesses in progestagens with typical signs of FCS.…”

Section: Signalment and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some cats have had excesses in progestagens with typical signs of FCS. A castrated male cat developed penile spines (Millard et al, 2009). A cat with androgen excess may have facial enlargement, typical male territorial urine spraying behavior, produce urine with an unusually strong odor, and act aggressively.…”

Section: Signalment and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperadrenocorticism in Cats

Feldman¹

2015

Canine and Feline Endocrinology

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“…In other cases of feline adrenal progesterone/sex-steroid secreting tumours, low post-ACTH cortisol concentrations were reported. 8,10,11 Potential mechanisms for this response include a lack of enzymes within the adrenal tumour to convert progesterone to cortisol, or hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression from excessive circulating levels of cortisol as a result of displacement from cortisol binding protein by progesterone. In humans, adrenal tumours have been shown to co-secrete aldosterone with cortisol, testosterone, progesterone and androstenedione.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldosterone and progesterone-secreting adrenocortical adenocarcinoma in a cat with a concurrent meningioma

Leshinsky

Beatty

Fawcett³

et al. 2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summaryA 12-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of suspected hyperaldosteronism due to persistent hypokalaemia, hindlimb ataxia, weakness of 1 month’s duration and a left adrenal mass that was detected on abdominal ultrasound. Neurological examination findings at referral were suggestive of a concurrent left forebrain lesion. Hyperaldosteronism and concurrent hyperprogesteronism were confirmed on endocrine testing. On computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and thorax there was no evidence of local vascular invasion by the adrenal mass or of metastatic disease. CT and magnetic resonance imaging featured a large, focal rim-enhancing extra-axial left forebrain lesion consistent with a meningioma. Surgical excision of the forebrain mass was followed by adrenalectomy 2 weeks later. The tumours were classified on histopathology as a psammomatous meningioma and an adrenocortical adenocarcinoma, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of the meningioma confirmed the presence of progesterone receptors. The cat remains well 2 years later.Relevance and novel informationIn humans, elevated serum progesterone levels have been associated with rapid growth of meningiomas due to the presence of progesterone receptors on the tumour. This is the first report of a cat with a progesterone and aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical adenocarcinoma and a concurrent meningioma. Clinicians should be aware of the potential effect of elevated progesterone on meningiomas in cats.

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Excessive production of sex hormones in a cat with an adrenocortical tumor

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Ultrasonographic Measurements of Adrenal Glands in Cats With Hyperthyroidism

Ultrasonographic Measurements of Adrenal Glands in Cats With Hyperthyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism in Cats

Aldosterone and progesterone-secreting adrenocortical adenocarcinoma in a cat with a concurrent meningioma

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