Exchange Marriages in a Community of Pakistan

Abstract

The structuralist and social exchange theorists relate the system of the exchange marriage mainly to socioeconomic interests, the formation of political and social alliances, as well as to the creation of a kinship network. However, they negate the inherited problems of the system of the exchange. This article discloses positive and negative aspects of the exchange and the cycle of social exchange. This study focuses on the notion of adequate social exchange. The study reveals tensions between individual and collective perspectives, as well as the conditions under which it-gradually and slightly-is being transformed on the basis of the notion of the adequate social exchange.

Consanguinity, inbreeding coefficient, fertility and birth-outcome in population of Okara district, Pakistan

“…Exchange marriages are customarily practiced in the rural areas of Punjab and Sindh provinces. 14,16 Then, parental consanguinity was also observed to be a significant predictor of subject's consanguinity in the present study. This observation supports the notion that consanguinity is a family tradition that is practiced generations after generations.…”

“…2,7 Consanguinity helps them to settle minor domestic conflicts and social and economic problems. 14 Further, the rate of CU was significantly higher in subjects who had younger age at marriage. The analyses demonstrated that rate of consanguinity gradually declined as the age at marriage delayed.…”

“…In joint family system, a large number of siblings reached to marriageable age. 3,7,14 The parents prefer to marry their daughters among the relatives at her younger age because relative gives more respect to their daughters at a younger age. [13][14][15] In economically better-off families particularly in urban populations, the late age marriages may be commenced due to the time spent in completing education and career development which leads to a low choice of mates among the close-kins, thus resulting in outbreeding.…”

“…3,7,14 The parents prefer to marry their daughters among the relatives at her younger age because relative gives more respect to their daughters at a younger age. [13][14][15] In economically better-off families particularly in urban populations, the late age marriages may be commenced due to the time spent in completing education and career development which leads to a low choice of mates among the close-kins, thus resulting in outbreeding. 5,15 The exchange marriages were observed to be positively associated with consanguinity both in univariate and multivariable analyses (OR: 1.33 and 2.62, respectively).…”

Gender Differentials In Educated People’s Perceptions Regarding Anti Women Social Practices In Pakistan

“…This type of marriages is used to control and maintain a balance of power between families and the couples (Naveed & Butt, 2015: 167). The men's behaviour is conditioned through good or abusive treatment extended to his blood relative bride involved in exchange and living in other party's home (Jacoby & Mansuri, 2010, 1806Zaman 2013;Zaman, Zakar, & Sharif 2014). Therefore, it is considered as a double edged sword that cuts both ways (Bhutta et al 2015: 167;Jacoby & Mansuri, 2010, 1813.…”