Excitation functions for (p,xn) and (p,pxn) reactions on natural 79 + 81Br, 85 + 87Rb, 127I and 133Cs upto Ep=52 MeV

A critical survey of experimental cross section data, comparison with nuclear model calculations and estimation of production yields of 77Br and 77Kr in no-carrier-added form via various nuclear processes

“…Several groups have reported experimental cross sections for the nat Br(p,xn) 77 Kr reaction covering the energy range from 22 to 100 MeV [20,[24][25][26][27][28]. The results are given in Fig.…”

“…The quoted total errors were 10-20% Sakamoto et al [25] Krypton bromide of natural composition wrapped in an aluminum foil of thickness 2.36 mg/cm 2 , heat-sealed in a Mylar envelope of about 0.9 mg/cm 2 Energy uncertainty for alpha-particle beam lower than 30 MeV is 1-2 MeV, if beam energy is lower than 15 MeV, then energy uncertainty is grown up to 5-7 MeV. The cross section error is about 10% Hassan et al [16] Thin selenium layer sedimented on Al foil of 7 mm diameter and 250 lm thickness and 13 mm diameter Thickness of Se layer: 2-5 mg/cm 2 The total uncertainty in the measured cross section: 10-22%, The uncertainty in the proton energy amounted up to 1 MeV Spahn et al [17] Samples of enriched selenium prepared by sedimentation Thickness of Se layer: 3-5 mg/cm 2 Total error: 9-20% and serve as further tests for validation of experimental data using the code ALICE-IPPE.…”

“…The target materials in thin layers of 0.35-6 mg/cm 2 thickness were prepared using electroplating, sedimentation, sputtering or pressing techniques on metallic substrate [16,17,[19][20][21][22]30]. In some other experiments, thicker targets of densities 150-350 mg/cm 2 were prepared in the form of pressed pellet and covered by aluminum foils [20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. In most of the experiments stack of several samples containing the target material was irradiated and the effective energy at each sample was obtained using the energy degradation formula.…”

Cross Sections for the 100 MeV Proton-Induced Nuclear Reactions and Yields of some Radionuclides Used in Nuclear Medicine

“…In this paper a wider energy interval (<100 MeV) was studied for the 79,81 Br(p,xn) reactions as compared with earlier data (< 52 MeV, < 65 MeV, or <85 MeV) [3,26,27,30], The "effective" cross sections for production of 76 Kr, 77 Kr and 79 Kr radioisotopes from 79 ' 81 Br determined in the experiment and the calculated excitation functions are shown in Fig. 3 (a, b, c).…”

“…Most papers dealing with investigation of conditions for radionuclide production concentrate on determination of cross sections for formation reactions [1][2][3]. There are thorough measurements of reaction excitation functions both for the investigated nuclide and for by-products aimed at determining the conditions for maximal yield and purity of the nuclides.…”