Excitation Spectra of Circular, Few-Electron Quantum Dots

Kouwenhoven, Leo P.; Oosterkamp, Tjerk H.; Danoesastro, Martin; Eto, Mikio; Austing, D. G.; Honda, Takashi; Tarucha, Seigo

doi:10.1126/science.278.5344.1788

Cited by 423 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The characteristic nodal pattern observed in the wave functions of the seventh and the tenth doublet, consisting of the 1 [2, 3] * and 3 [2,3] states, and of the 1 [1,5] * and 3 [1,5] states, respectively, displayed in Fig. 6 looks similar to that of the local -mode vibrational wave functions of the stretching vibrations of ABA molecules [48], such as H 2 O [49] and SO 2 in the vibrationally highly excited states [50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Local-mode Wavefunctionsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In case of the seventh and the tenth doublet consisting of the 1 [2, 3] * and 3 [2,3] states, and the 1 [1, 5] * and 3 [1,5] states, respectively, on the other hand, the nodal lines are so strongly curved that it is apparently not clear how many nodal lines should be counted along the symmetric and antisymmetric coordinates. A similar difficulty occurs for the eighth and the ninth doublet but by an analogy to the nodal pattern of the pair of wave functions located in a lower energy region, namely of the 1 [1,5] states of the tenth doublet has been made in a similar way by assuming that it belongs to the v * p = 6 manifold for smaller anharmonicity.…”

Section: B Anharmonic Casementioning

confidence: 95%

“…A similar difficulty occurs for the eighth and the ninth doublet but by an analogy to the nodal pattern of the pair of wave functions located in a lower energy region, namely of the 1 [1,5] states of the tenth doublet has been made in a similar way by assuming that it belongs to the v * p = 6 manifold for smaller anharmonicity.…”

Section: B Anharmonic Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting wave functions have only nodal lines along one stretching coordinate and no nodal lines along the other stretching coordinate indicating that one stretching vibration is highly excited while the other stays in its ground state. In order to understand the dynamics of the two electrons in the 1 [1,5] * and 3 [1,5] doublet states the sum and difference of the wave functions of the corresponding states are displayed in Fig. 7 in the same way as for Figs.…”

Section: Local-mode Wavefunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their finite size these quantum systems have a discrete energy-level structure that follows Hund's rules [5,6] well known for atoms. Therefore they are referred to as artificial atoms or quantum dots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectra and correlated wave functions of two electrons confined in a quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure

Sako

Diercksen

2007

Phys. Rev. B

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The energy spectra and wave functions of two electrons confined by a quasi-one-dimensional Gaussian potential have been calculated for different strength of confinement ω z and anharmonicity by using the quantum chemical full configuration interaction method employing a Cartesian anisotropic Gaussian basis set. The energy spectra for a nearly harmonic Gaussian potential have been studied and analyzed in three regimes of ωz, namely, large (ωz = 5.0) medium (ωz = 1.0), and small (ωz = 0.1). For large and medium ω z the energy spectrum shows a band structure which is characterized by the polyad quantum number v p while for small ω z it is characterized by the extended polyad quantum number v * p . The energy levels for small ω z form doublet pairs each of which consists of a pair of singlet and triplet states. The nodal pattern of their wave functions are almost identical to each other except for their phases. The energy spectra for the strongly anharmonic Gaussian potential look quite similar to those of the nearly harmonic case except that an irregular level structure appears in the high energy region for ω z = 0.1. The wave functions of the states in this high energy region have curved nodal lines which align along a pair of bent nodal coordinates. Two types of pairs of bent nodal coordinates have been identified, namely, those passing through the valley of the confining potential and the others passing on the hillside. It is shown that the wave functions with these nodal coordinates correspond to new types of classical local -mode motions of electrons.

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Section: Local-mode Wavefunctionsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: B Anharmonic Casementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: B Anharmonic Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local-mode Wavefunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectra and correlated wave functions of two electrons confined in a quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure

Sako

Diercksen

2007

Phys. Rev. B

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The single electron transistor and artificial atoms

Kastner

2000

Ann. Phys.

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Modern techniques of lithography make it possible to confine electrons to sufficiently small dimensions that the quantization of both their charge and their energy are easily observable. When such confined electrons are allowed to tunnel to metallic leads a single electron transistor (SET) is created. This transistor turns on and off again every time one electron is added to the isolated region. Whereas we can understand conventional transistors using classical concepts, the SET is quantum mechanical in an essential way. In fact, there is a close analogy between the confined electrons inside an SET and an atom. In this review, the physics underlying the operation of SETs is explained, a brief history of its invention is presented, and issues of current interest are discussed.

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