Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities

Dufferwiel, S.; Schwarz, Stefan; Withers, Freddie; Trichet, A. A. P.; Li, F.; Sich, M.; Pozo-Zamudio, Osvaldo Del; Clark, Caspar; Nalitov, A. V.; Solnyshkov, D. D.; Malpuech, Guillaume; Новоселов, К. С.; Smith, J. M.; Skolnick, M. S.; Krizhanovskii, D. N.; Tartakovskii, A. I.

doi:10.1038/ncomms9579

Cited by 446 publications

(436 citation statements)

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“…We find that the broadened line shapes are reasonably well fit by dispersive Lorentzians, allowing us to compare the dependence of maximal extinction on total exciton linewidth γ tot to the theoretical value 1 − ðγ tot − ΓÞ 2 =γ 2 tot . This comparison in turn allows us to determine the radiative decay rate to be in the range 1.3 < Γ < 1.8 meV, which is in good agreement with the values previously determined from normal-mode splitting of exciton polaritons [11,12]. We remark that, at the locations yielding the highest observed extinction factor of ∼0.9, we extract consistently higher values of Γ.…”

Section: (C)supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Encapsulation of TMD monolayers with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) [7,8] dramatically improves the optical quality, yielding an exciton linewidth ∼2 meV [9,10]. These narrow linewidths have a dominant contribution from radiative decay of ∼1.5 meV for MoSe 2 [11,12]. Motivated by these developments, we previously analyzed the optical response of a monolayer TMD theoretically [13] and showed that it realizes an atomically thin mirror [13][14][15].…”

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Realization of an Electrically Tunable Narrow-Bandwidth Atomically Thin Mirror Using MonolayerMoSe2

et al. 2018

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Advent of new materials such as van der Waals heterostructures, propels new research directions in condensed matter physics and enables development of novel devices with unique functionalities. Here, we show experimentally that a monolayer of MoSe 2 embedded in a charge controlled heterostructure can be used to realize an electrically tunable atomically-thin mirror, that effects 90% extinction of an incident field that is resonant with its exciton transition. The corresponding maximum reflection coefficient of 45% is only limited by the ratio of the radiative decay rate to the linewidth of exciton transition and is independent of incident light intensity up to 400 Watts/cm 2 . We demonstrate that the reflectivity of the mirror can be drastically modified by applying a gate voltage that modifies the monolayer charge density. Our findings could find applications ranging from fast programmable spatial light modulators to suspended ultra-light mirrors for optomechanical devices.A plethora of ground-breaking experiments have established monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) such as MoSe 2 or WSe 2 as a new class of two dimensional (2D) direct 1

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confidence: 88%

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Realization of an Electrically Tunable Narrow-Bandwidth Atomically Thin Mirror Using MonolayerMoSe2

et al. 2018

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“…Strong coupling is defined by the following three important parameters [81]: g = energy transfer rate between light and matter, κ = rate of light escape from the cavity, and γ = rate of matter loses its polarization.…”

Section: Strong Exciton-plasmon Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce the exciton-plasmon interaction from basic principle to applications. There are two kinds of exciton-plasmon coupling, which demonstrate different optical properties. The strong exciton-plasmon coupling results in two new mixed states of light and matter separated energetically by a Rabi splitting that exhibits a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the exciton-LSP energy tuning. Compared to strong coupling, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced absorption, enhanced fluorescence, or fluorescence quenching, there is no perturbation between wave functions; the interaction here is called the weak coupling. SP resonance (SPR) arises from the collective oscillation induced by the electromagnetic field of light and can be used for investigating the interaction between light and matter beyond the diffraction limit. The study on the interaction between SPR and exaction has drawn wide attention since its discovery not only due to its contribution in deepening and broadening the understanding of SPR but also its contribution to its application in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, low threshold laser, biomedical detection, quantum information processing, and so on.

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“…Exciton binding energies are about an order of magnitude higher than those of bulk semiconductors, such as Si, Ge and III-V or II-VI alloys, which allows for the direct observation of trions and biexcitons that are hard to see in bulk semiconductors. Exciton-polaritons have been recently observed in 2D materials inserted in microcavities 5,6 , although polariton condensation is still elusive.The latest group of 2D materials to be taking the stage are the so-called Xenes, where atoms from the group IVA elements are organized into a single layered, honeycomblike lattice. Contrary to flat graphene, they suffer from inherent buckling, which has a profound effect on their properties.…”

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As thin as it gets

2017

Nature Mater

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editorialGraphene 1 is arguably the most famous material of the last decade; the fascination with its properties has spread beyond the scientific community, especially since the Nobel Prize was awarded in 2010 for its isolation. While research on graphene itself is still extremely active, one cannot overlook the trigger it constituted for the pursuit of atomically thin forms of other materials, such as semiconductors, boron nitride and, more recently, Xenes. All these 2D materials offer endless possibilities for fundamental research, as well as the demonstration of improved or even entirely novel technologies.Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are atomically thin semiconductors of the type MX 2 , where a transition metal atom (M = Mo, W, We and so on) is sandwiched between two chalcogen atoms (X = S, Se, Te and so on) 2,3 . TMDs offer something that graphene doesn't have: a bandgap, which makes them immediately suitable candidates for semiconductor-based electronics and optoelectronics applications -even at room temperature. Additionally, the excitonic transitions in the ±K valleys (the local minimum and maximum in the conduction and valence band, respectively) can be selectively addressed with circularly polarized light, which has subsequently opened the door to the pursuit of valleytronic devices 4 , where the valley degree of freedom is used to carry information.2D materials have a lot to offer in terms of optoelectronics applications, and in a wide range of wavelengths -from the microwave to the visible. Tony Low, Frank Koppens and colleagues review the field of polaritonics in layered 2D materials on page 182 of this issue. Graphene provides a solid alternative to metal plasmonics, due to the combination of high intrinsic mobilities (manifested when encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride) with tunable carrier density (and therefore wavelength range). However, TMDs (in particular MoS 2 ) can exhibit much larger light confinement -about an order of magnitude higher than graphene. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is also a lot more than an ideal dielectric; its in-plane anisotropy renders it naturally hyperbolic (the principal components of the dielectric tensor have opposite signs). Hyperbolic phononpolaritons do not suffer from losses and, although their lifetimes in multi-layered h-BN are comparable to those of optical phonons, the slow group velocity limits the overall propagation length. Theoretical investigations indicate that other 2D materials should also exhibit similar hyperbolic properties.Excitonic effects are also well pronounced in layered materials. Exciton binding energies are about an order of magnitude higher than those of bulk semiconductors, such as Si, Ge and III-V or II-VI alloys, which allows for the direct observation of trions and biexcitons that are hard to see in bulk semiconductors. Exciton-polaritons have been recently observed in 2D materials inserted in microcavities 5,6 , although polariton condensation is still elusive.The latest group of 2D materials to be taking the stage...

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Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities

Cited by 446 publications

References 58 publications

Realization of an Electrically Tunable Narrow-Bandwidth Atomically Thin Mirror Using MonolayerMoSe2

Realization of an Electrically Tunable Narrow-Bandwidth Atomically Thin Mirror Using MonolayerMoSe2

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

As thin as it gets

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