Excretion of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Human Subjects*

Elmadjian, Fred; Lamson, Edwin T.; Neri, R.

doi:10.1210/jcem-16-2-222

Cited by 45 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Epinephrine, however, appears to be produced entirely by chromaffin tissue, either intra-or extramedullary in location. This concept is supported b} r the observations of other investigators, who found that very little, if any, epinephrine can be recovered from the urine of bilaterally adrenalectomized adult human subjects (13,14). Thus the finding of free epinephrine in the urine of newborn infants would suggest that chromaffin tissue in the newborn is capable of epinephrine synthesis and secretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The Excretion of Free Catecholamines by Newborn Infants*

Greenberg

Gardner

1960

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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As an initial study of the role of catecholamines in neonatal adjustments, the excretion of free norepinephrine and epinephrine was determined in the urine of normal newborn infants, ranging in age from 5 to 233 hours at the start of the collection period. The 24-hour excretion of norepinephrine varied from 0.57 to 3.30 ng. and that of epinephrine varied from 0 to 0.77 ng. The percentage of norepinephrine, when related to total catecholamines, ranged between 70.8 and 100, except for 1 infant in whom no norepinephrine was recovered. An estimation was made of the ability of the newborn to metabolize parenterally injected epinephrine, by noting the percentage of a subcutaneously injected dose of epinephrine recovered in the ensuing twenty-four hours, using the mean excretion of epinephrine by normal controls as the baseline value. From 0 to 1.8 per cent of the injected dose of epinephrine was recovered in twenty-four hours, an amount quantitatively similar to that found in adults by other investigators. It would appear that chromaffin tissue in the newborn is capable of epinephrine synthesis and secretion. The role of nonchromaffin tissue in the excretion of norepinephrine in the newborn period presents an important area for further study, especially as regards states of altered maturation of the autonomic nervous system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The Excretion of Free Catecholamines by Newborn Infants*

Greenberg

Gardner

1960

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…With stresses of various types the concentration of norepinephrine and epinephrine increase (2,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Representing only 0.5-6.0% of that released from synaptic nerve endings (40,(47)(48)(49), a fluctuation in the urine concentration of norepinephrine and epinephrine corresponds to similar changes in the concentration of urinary VMA (42,47). For the 3-day period after initiation of chair restraint, monkeys excreted approximately 8 /u.g of epinephrine and norepinephrine per day (46,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Response to Chronic Chair Restraint in the Rhesus Monkey

Perlow

Karoum

Braun

et al. 1979

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Prolonged chair restraint and social isolation in the rhesus monkey led to a reduction in the urinary excretion of HVA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid), DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), VMA methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid), and MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol) over a 3 week period. This adaptation to a chronically "stressful" situation corresponds to earlier studies on the rhesus monkey indicating a gradual reduction in the urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine after initiation of restraint. The following basic information on the urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites was obtained: (1) the rate of excretion of the dopamine metabolites (HVA and DOPAC) is about four times higher than the rate of excretion of adrenergic metabolites (VMA and MHPG): (2) MHPG is the major adrenergic metabolite in the rhesus monkey; and (3) the excretion rates of the urinary metabolites varied considerably between animals.

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Methacholine Test and Epinephrine and Arterenol Excretion

Elmadjian¹,

Hope²,

Freeman³

1957

AMA Arch NeurPsych

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have published a prognostic test for the selection of neuropsychiatric patients for electric shock treatment. In essence, the test consists of administering 10 mg. of methacholine (Mecholyl) chloride intramuscularly and observing the systolic blood pressure for 25 minutes. In cases in which the systolic pressure was elevated two basic types of response were described: (A) that in which the systolic pressure failed to return to the preinjection level within the 25-minute period, and (B) that which showed a return to the control level during the observation period. Those subjects showing the first type of response were considered, by the authors, to have a significantly more favorable prognosis when subjected to EST than those showing the second type of response. The underlying physiological mechanism explaining these results was attributed to excess epinephrinelike secretion in the (A) type, while the (B) type was said to have an excess of arterenol-like secretion (Fig. 1). This explanation was based in part on the hemodynamic measurements obtained when nor¬ mal subjects were given methacholine dur-

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Excretion of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Human Subjects*

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

The Excretion of Free Catecholamines by Newborn Infants*

The Excretion of Free Catecholamines by Newborn Infants*

Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Response to Chronic Chair Restraint in the Rhesus Monkey

Methacholine Test and Epinephrine and Arterenol Excretion

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