Excretion of Heptachlor Epoxide in Milk of a Dairy Cow Fed Heptachlor

Metabolism of polycyclic compounds. 21. The metabolism of phenanthrene in rabbits and rats: dihydrodihydroxy compounds and related glucosiduronic acids

“…The formation of these intermediates in the body has yet to be proved with phenanthrene, but previous work (Boyland & Sims, 1960) indicates that, for 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, epoxidation of the olefinic 3,4-bond is the initial metabolic step. The insecticide, Heptachlor, is converted into a chemically inactive epoxide in dogs and rats (Davidow & Radomski, 1953). If, in phenanthrene metabolism, the postulated epoxide intermediates undergo one of the four types of reaction described below, the formation of the observed pattern of metabolic products can be explained.…”

Review of the Metabolism of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides Especially in Mammals

“…About half as much chlordane is stored in the fat of rats in only 5 days as after a little over 400 days (49), but there is no' accurate information on the time at which a steady state is actuaUy achieved. Heptachlor (stored as the epoxide) reaches a steady state of storage in the rat in 2 to 4 weeks (30) but reaches a steady rate of excretion in the milk of cattle in only about 12 days (50). I t has been claimed (51) that cattle and sheep achieve storage equilibrium for a wide range of insecticides in 4 to 8 weeks, although some values con tinued to increase through the sixteenth week of feeding.…”

“…Oxidation is exemplified by the conversion of DDOH to DDA (pre sumably with an intermediate aldehyde step) (134) and of p-dichlorobenzene to 2,5-dichloroquinol (138). Epoxidation is involved in the transformation of aldrin to dieldrin (118) and of heptachlor to its epoxide (115). Oxidative hydroxylation is exemplified by the formation of various phenols and catechols from the isomers of dichlorobenzene (see Table I).…”

“…Trichloro 237 and heptachlor (at higher dosage levels) were stored in fat as the original compound in addition to being stored as the metabolite. Hepta chlor was found in the liver only as the metabolite (114), later identified as heptachlor epoxide (115).…”

The Chemistry Of Perchlorocyclopentenes And Cyclopentadienes

“…159-lGO"C., which is stored in the lipide tissues (24). Analogous oxidative degradation occurs in the cow, since the same epoxide can be demonstrated in the butterfat of the milk after feeding heptachlor (25). Heptachlor (X) and octachlor (XI)…”