Review of the Metabolism of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides Especially in Mammals

Wj, Hayes

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.05.040165.000331

Cited by 119 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The increase in the triglyceride content in the liver might also increase the content of PECB in the tissue. It is reported that tissue lipids contents, especially triglyceride, influence the accumulation of DDT and dieldrin in the tissue (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cholesterol feeding on the distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene in rats.

Umegaki¹,

Ichikawa²

1989

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryTo investigate the influence of cholesterol content in tissue on the distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene (PECB), rats were fed on a cholesterol-enriched (CHE) diet or a basal diet for 4 weeks. At two weeks, a single dose or a 6-day dosage of PECB was orally administered. The serum cholesterol concentration in the CHE diet group was 2.1-2.9 times higher than that in the basal diet group, while the serum triglyceride concentration decreased. The serum lipid levels were similar to the levels at two weeks. The blood PECB concentration was not different between the two groups. Increases in the contents of PECB and lipid in tissue due to the CHE diet feeding were observed only in liver (PECB, 2.6-3.0 times; triglyceride, 2-3 times; cholesterol, 10-15 times). Content of pentachlorophenol, a main metabolite of PECB, and the level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver of the CHE diet group tended to be higher than those of the basal diet group. These results suggested that the increase in PECB accumulation in the liver of the CHE diet group was not due to the decrease of PECB metabolism but due to the increase in the content of cholesterol and triglyceride.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cholesterol feeding on the distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene in rats.

Umegaki¹,

Ichikawa²

1989

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…The metabolism of DDT in several animal species has been reviewed by Hayes (1959Hayes ( , 1965, O'Brien more a result of storage of pp'DDE present in food. This (and the fact that residues in animal carcasses are based on total DDT content) means that the increase in, and the persistence of.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of ethanol and phenobarbitone to reduce organochlorine pesticide residues in sheep

Ferry

McQueen

Owen

1973

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…No significant gender difference was observed in this study. In the rat, several studies indicate that faecal excretion of DDT and p, (Hayes, 1965). Bishara and co-workers (1972) reported that of a 10 mg dose of p,p'-DDT orally given to rats, 2.6 % was excreted in urine and 59.4 % in faeces in 5 days.…”

Section: Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to DDT as an undesirable substance in animal feed

2006

EFS2

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European countries for most uses in the early 1970s. The use of DDT as a pesticide has been very restrictive since 1981 and banned since 1986 in the EU. Although being banned in most countries worldwide, DDT is still used for vector control especially in areas with endemic malaria, and extended use was recently recommended by WHO for indoor residual spraying to control malaria.Because of the lipophilic properties and persistence in the environment, DDΤ and related compounds are bioaccumulated and biomagnified along the food chain. DDT is included in the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 1 and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution protocol on POPs (CLRTAP-POP).DDT is readily absorbed in humans and animals; the half-life for DDT varies from one month in rats to four years in humans. In animals and humans DDE is generally more persistent than DDT. DDT and related compounds are transferred to milk and egg and accumulate in domestic animals and fish. DDT has low acute toxicity to mammals and most bird species.The main target organs are the nervous system and the liver. It also affects hormonal tissues, reproduction, fetal development and the immune system. DDT including p,p'-DDE and DDD cause tumours mainly in the liver of experimental animals and are mostly negative in In its evaluation of DDT, the CONTAM Panel examined occurrence data to assess the levels that are currently found in the environment and in food and feed. Feed materials of animal origin, especially fish derived products, are in general more contaminated than feed materials of plant origin. In feed samples of animal origin the metabolite p,p'-DDE normally represents more than 50 % of sum of DDT. A considerable lower contribution of p,p'-DDE to the sum of DDT may indicate recent use of DDT. Samples of plant origin are generally dominated by the parent compound p,p'-DDT. Feed commodities including fish derived products generally contain levels in the low μg/kg range and thus are far below those that have been found to cause adverse effects in fish and domestic animals. However, it can not be excluded that elevated levels may be found in feed commodities that originate from areas where DDT has recently been or still is used.Despite its presence in the environment, many foodstuffs and animal feed, the data show a considerable decline of up to 90 % in human exposure to DDT and related compounds over the past three decades. Food of animal origin is the major source of human exposure and recent studies performed in some EU Member States indicate a mean dietary intake for adults and children of 5 -30 ng/kg b.w. per day. This exposure level is more than two orders of magnitude below the PTDI of 0.01 mg/kg b.w.

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Review of the Metabolism of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides Especially in Mammals

Cited by 119 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of cholesterol feeding on the distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene in rats.

Effects of cholesterol feeding on the distribution, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene in rats.

Failure of ethanol and phenobarbitone to reduce organochlorine pesticide residues in sheep

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to DDT as an undesirable substance in animal feed

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