Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: endogenous excretion, differences between cattle and sheep

Chen, X B; Ørskov, E. R.; Hovell, F. D. D.

doi:10.1079/bjn19900097

Cited by 131 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3.5.4.4; Barman, 1969) and xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2.; Roussos, 1963;Al-Khalidi and Chaglassian, 1965;Chen et al, 1990c) in intestinal mucosa. The activity of xanthine oxidase that catalyses the irreversible oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid is particularly important, since it determines the substrate pool available to salvage pathways that allow purine moities to be re-utilized for tissue NA synthesis.…”

Section: Fate Of Absorbed Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals based on renal and mammary purine metabolite excretion. A review

Shingfield¹

2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The potential of mammary and renal purine metabolite excretion as a technique for the assessment of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals is reviewed. Data reported in the literature tends to support the validity of the assumptions of the technique that purines entering the duodenum are essentially microbial in origin and that following metabolism, purine catabolites (collectively allantoin, hypoxanthine, uric acid and xanthine) are quantitatively recovered in urine. The most convincing experimental evidence suggests that secretion of purine metabolites in milk is of little value for the assessment of microbial protein supply due a mumal correlation with milk yield. In contrast, use of urinary purine metabolite excretion does appear to provide estimates of microbial protein supply that, are in general, consistent with values derived using standard in vivo procedures. However, the accuracy of this approach is largely dependent on obtaining representative samples of rumen microbes and the ability to account for variations in non-renal excretion and endogenous purine losses. In conclusion, urinary purine metabolite excretion appears to represent a valid noninvasive procedure to assess relative differences, rather than quantitative estimates of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals.

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Section: Fate Of Absorbed Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals based on renal and mammary purine metabolite excretion. A review

Shingfield¹

2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…A study with ovines (Chen et al, 1990) indicates that there is a positive correlation between the number of microorganisms in the rumen and excretion of purine derivatives, particularly allantoin, in the urine. In the study by Sucupira (2003), the UAEI was always less, by an order of 2.65, in animals not receiving energy supplements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine samples were centrifuged at 250g, apportioned into 3-ml plastic test tubes and stored at -20 o C, for analysis of creatinine (Lutsgarten and Wenk, 1972) and allantoin (Borchers, 1977). The creatinine in the urine was determined to enable the correction of the urinary allantoin excretion index (UAEI), according to Chen et al (1990). The methyl blue reduction (MBR) and glucose fermentation (GF) tests were performed according to Rosemberger (1993).…”

Section: Tenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an energy-deficient diet on populations of ciliate protozoans in bovine rumen

Soares

Martinele

D’Agosto

et al. 2008

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Ten young rumen-cannulated crossbred steers were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C; n=4), which was fed a balanced diet for daily weight gain of 900g; and a pronounced energy-deprived group (PED; n=6), receiving 30% less of the required energy for maintenance. After 140 days of these alimentary regimes, rumen fluid and urine samples were collected for biochemical and functional tests, before feeding and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours after feeding. The energy-deprivation diet caused a significant reduction in the number of Entodinium, Eodinium, Isotricha, Dasytricha, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Charonina, Ostracodinium, and Epidinium protozoa. There was no effect of the time of sampling in both groups on the total number of ciliates in rumen fluid. A higher number of protozoan forms in binary division were recorded in the control group, at the 6 th and 9 th hours after feeding (P<0.019). There was a high positive correlation between the total count of protozoans in rumen fluid and glucose fermentation, ammonia, and urinary allantoin excretion index; and a negative correlation between the total count of protozoa and metilene blue reduction, and a medium correlation between the total count of protozoa and total volatile fatty acids concentration. The determination of the protozoa populations does not imply in the use of complex and hard-to-execute techniques, although it is time consuming and needs practice. This exam particularly helps in clinical expected diagnosis.Keywords: bovine, rumen, energy deprivation, ruminal metabolism RESUMO Foram utilizados 10 novilhos mestiços com cânula ruminal, distribuídos em dois grupos: no grupo controle (C; n=4) receberam dieta balanceada para ganho diário de 900g; no grupo tratado com carência pronunciada de energia (CP; n=6), receberam dieta com 30% a menos do nível de mantença em energia. Após 140 dias sob esses regimes de alimentação, foram coletadas amostras do fluido ruminal

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“…This experiment has provided the first true comparison of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle in terms of their endogenous excretion of PD and indicates a 2-fold difference between Fujihara et al 1987;Chen et al 1990;Verbic et al 1990), the rumen emptying technique (560 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Giesecke et al 1993), the extrapolation of infusion/excretion regression relationships to zero purine input (531 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Beckers and Thewis 1994), and the isotopic labelling of exogenous purine bases (236 and 512 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; Orellana Boero et al 2001;Gonzalez-Ronquillo et al 2003). It is also similar to the value used by Chen and Gomes (1995; 385 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day), which was based on the mean of all measurements made in the laboratory of Verbic et al (1990) with adjustment downwards of 0.22 for the proportion of exogenous purines salvaged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the comparison of cattle subspecies in this regard has been confounded by the technique used to estimate endogenous PD excretion. Most experiments with B. taurus cattle have used the technique of total nourishment of animals by intragastric infusion (Fujihara et al 1987;Chen et al 1990;Verbic et al 1990), whereas those with B. indicus cattle have used a technique involving the prolonged fasting of animals with associated measurement of urinary PD excretion (Osuji et al 1996;Liang et al 1999;Ojeda et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

Bowen

Poppi

McLennan³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. Estimates of microbial crude protein (MCP) production by ruminants, using a method based on the excretion of purine derivatives in urine, require an estimate of the excretion of endogenous purine derivatives (PD) by the animal. Current methods allocate a single value to all cattle. An experiment was carried out to compare the endogenous PD excretion in Bos taurus and high-content B. indicus (hereafter, B. indicus) cattle. Five Holstein-Friesian (B. taurus) and 5 Brahman (>75% B. indicus) steers (mean liveweight 326 ± 3.0 kg) were used in a fasting study. Steers were fed a low-quality buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris; 59.4 g crude protein/kg dry matter) hay at estimated maintenance requirements for 19 days, after which hay intake was incrementally reduced for 2 days and the steers were fasted for 7 days. The excretion of PD in urine was measured daily for the last 6 days of the fasting period and the mean represented the daily endogenous PD excretion. Excretion of endogenous PD in the urine of B. indicus steers was less than half that of the B. taurus steers (190 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day v. 414 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; combined s.e. 37.2 µmol/kg W 0.75 .day; P < 0.001). It was concluded that the use of a single value for endogenous PD excretion is inappropriate for use in MCP estimations and that subspecies-specific values would improve precision.Additional keywords: rumen microbial protein, cattle.

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Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: endogenous excretion, differences between cattle and sheep

Cited by 131 publications

References 18 publications

Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals based on renal and mammary purine metabolite excretion. A review

Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminant animals based on renal and mammary purine metabolite excretion. A review

Effect of an energy-deficient diet on populations of ciliate protozoans in bovine rumen

A comparison of the excretion rate of endogenous purine derivatives in the urine of Bos indicus and Bos taurus steers

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