Excretory Function of Intestinal Tract Enhanced in Kidney Impaired Rats Caused by Adenine

Yu, Yun; Gao, Tao; Li, Yue; Gao, Zhiyi; Duan, Jinlian; Yin, Hua; Duan, Weigang

doi:10.1155/2016/2695718

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…By comparing with wild-type rat kidneys, Uox −/− rat kidneys were heavier and larger, but there were no visible spots and other abnormal phenomenon, unlike those damaged by oral adenine (Yun et al, 2016). The LKI of Uox −/− rats was significantly bigger than that of wild-type rats (Fig.…”

Section: Kidney and Its Function In Uox −/− Ratsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Uricase-deficient rat is generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technique

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Urate oxidase (uricase, Uox) is a big obstacle for scientists to establish stable animal models for studying hyperuricemia and associated disorders. Due to the low survival rate of uricase-deficient mice, we generated a Uox-knockout model animal from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique by deleting exons 2 to 4 of the Uox gene. The uricase-deficient rats were named “Kunming-DY rats”, and were apparently healthy with more than a 95% survival up to one year. The male rats’ serum uric acid (SUA) increased to 48.3 ± 19.1 µg/ml, significantly higher than those of wild-type rats. Some indexes of the blood fat like total triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and renal function indexes including blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly different from those of wild-type rats, however, all the indexes were close to or in normal ranges. Histological renal changes including mild glomerular/tubular lesions were observed in these uricase-deficient rats. Thus, “Kunming-DY rats” with stable uricase-deficiency were successfully established and are an alternative model animal to study hyperuricemia and associated diseases mimicking human conditions.

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Section: Kidney and Its Function In Uox −/− Ratsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Uricase-deficient rat is generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technique

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Relative weights of GLP‐treated and RU‐treated groups were significantly increased compared with the CON group. As an important detoxification organ, the liver suffered the most damage, and kidney has an important role as an excretory organ for drugs and chemicals (Chiang, ; Yun et al, ). Data for liver and kidney weights have been more variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of in ovo glyphosate injection on embryonic development, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status and histopathological changes in newly hatched chicks

Fathi

Abdelghani

Shen

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of pure glyphosate or Roundup® on hatchability, serum biochemistry and histopathological observation of the liver and kidney of newly hatched chicks. On day six, a total of 225 fertile eggs were obtained from Huafeng breeder hens. The eggs were randomly divided into three treatments: (a) the control group injected with deionized water, (b) the glyphosate group injected 10 mg pure glyphosate/Kg egg mass and (c) the Roundup group injected 10 mg the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup®/Kg egg. The results showed a decrease of hatchability rate in chicks treated with Roundup® (66%). In addition, no significant change was observed in body weights, yolk sac weight and relative weight organs except the liver and kidney were significantly increased with groups treated with glyphosate and Roundup® compared to the control group. The results showed that serum protein profiles were linearly significantly increased of serum phosphor, uric acid, aspirate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in groups treated with Roundup®, as well as the serum concentrations of triglyceride altered after treatment with glyphosate. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the treated chicks, the glyphosate and Roundup® induced changes of the content of malondialdehyde in both the liver and kidney, moreover decrease of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the kidney tissue and serum. Additionally, changes also happened in the histomorphology of the liver and kidney tissue of the treated chicks. It can be concluded that Roundup® as a probable decrease of hatchability. Exposure to glyphosate alone or Roundup® caused liver and kidney histopathological alterations, serum parameters imbalances and oxidative stress, also induced a variety of liver and kidney biochemical alterations that might impair normal organ functioning in newly hatched chicks.

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“…Male rats were randomized to model group, UOX group and normal group. Rats in model group were gavaged with Mixture A of 10 ml/kg, containing adenine of 15 mg/ml, potassium oxonate of 20 mg/ml, omeprazole of 0.4 mg/ml and CMC-Na of 0.5% in the morning and gavaged with Mixture B of 5 ml/kg, containing NaHCO 3 of 12 mg/ml and 50% horse serum in the afternoon, to copy a hyperuricemia model [ 26 ]. Rats in UOX group were gavaged with Mixture A of same volume in the morning and gavaged with Mixture B of same volume but added UOX of 4 u/ml in the afternoon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal tract is an important organ for lowering serum uric acid in rats

Yin

Gao

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The kidney was recognized as a dominant organ for uric acid excretion. The main aim of the study demonstrated intestinal tract was an even more important organ for serum uric acid (SUA) lowering. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated normally or with antibiotics, uric acid, adenine, or inosine of the same molar dose orally or intraperitoneally for 5 days. Rat’s intestinal tract was equally divided into 20 segments except the cecum. Uric acid in serum and intestinal segment juice was assayed. Total RNA in the initial intestinal tract and at the end ileum was extracted and sequenced. Protein expression of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and urate oxidase (UOX) was tested by Western blot analysis. The effect of oral UOX in lowering SUA was investigated in model rats treated with adenine and an inhibitor of uric oxidase for 5 days. SUA in the normal rats was 20.93±6.98 μg/ml, and total uric acid in the intestinal juice was 308.27±16.37 μg, which is two times more than the total SUA. The uric acid was very low in stomach juice, and attained maximum in the juice of the first segment (duodenum) and then declined all the way till the intestinal end. The level of uric acid in the initial intestinal tissue was very high, where XDH and most of the proteins associated with bicarbonate secretion were up-regulated. In addition, SUA was decreased by oral UOX in model rats. The results suggested that intestinal juice was an important pool for uric acid, and intestinal tract was an important organ for SUA lowering. The uric acid distribution was associated with uric acid synthesis and secretion in the upper intestinal tract, and reclamation in the lower.

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Excretory Function of Intestinal Tract Enhanced in Kidney Impaired Rats Caused by Adenine

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Uricase-deficient rat is generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technique

Uricase-deficient rat is generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technique

Effect of in ovo glyphosate injection on embryonic development, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status and histopathological changes in newly hatched chicks

Intestinal tract is an important organ for lowering serum uric acid in rats

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