Excretory Urography in Goats

Abstract

Goats still represent a significant species of livestock and their urinary system has clinical importance, especially in connection with the problem of urine retention in bucks (HELMY and FOUAD, 1964; SAID, 1964; KHAMIS and SALEH, 1970).Visualization of the urinary system by radiography may contribute to a better understanding of its pathology. The available literature included no radiological description of the urinary system in goats and the aim of the present work was to use excretory urography in caprines to demonstrate the radiographic anatomy of their urinary system. Material and MethodsFive experimental animals were used: 3 females and 2 males. Their weight ranged between 18 and 40 kg. and their age ranged between 3 and 5 years. The animals were prepared for radiography by fasting for 48 or 72 hours. Water was withheld for 24 hours prior to radiography.Urografin 76 O / o (Schering AG, Berlin) was used as an intravenous radioopaque medium. It was warmed and injected into the recurrent tarsal vein, either without prernedication or after injecting the animals intramuscularly with Chlorpromazin hydrochloride'? or nikethamide or both. The reaction to the urografin was followed over a period of 30 minutes from injection by recording temperature, rate of respiration and pulse rate.Varying doses of urografin (20, 30 and 40 ml./medium sized animal) were tested to select one which would give sufficient concentration in the renal pelvis. Immediately after injection of the urografin, pressure was applied to the posterior abdomen by means of a cotton cushion fixed in position with a bandage.-~ '> Neurazine (Misr, Egypt).

Assessment of Beneficial Effect of Propolis against Cadmium Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats.

“…Cd administration at dose level 5mg/Kg b.w resulted in significant increase of PLT count such finding was recorded by Abdel-baky et al 32 due to renal and hepatic damage and Kostić et al 36 who reported that chronic exposure of adult rats to dietary Cd (15 mg CdCl2/day/kg for 30 days) leads to development of anemia and thrombocytosis. The beneficial effect of propolis on hematological parameters was previously noted against alterations in complete blood picture induced by γ-irradiation 37 and aluminum toxicity 38 in rats. Table 2 show the effect of propolis administration on liver function in serum of rats treated with CdCl2.…”