No abstract

Background: Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodeling, and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) family of growth factors plays critical roles in bone formation. VEGF has the potential to enhance BMPs-induced bone formation. Purpose: This study attempted to assess VEGF and BMP-2 reflecting the effect of hybrid bio-composite scaffold on bone healing in dogs and evaluate the quality of the healing process radiologically. Methods: This study was conducted on 12 adult mongrel dogs. All dogs were divided into four equal groups (n = 3 each): chitosan non-medicated (CH) (NM), chitosan medicated (CH) (M), chitosan bioglass non-medicated (CH.BG) (NM), and Chitosan Bioglass Medicated (CH.BG) (M). VEGF and BMP-2 were evaluated during fracture healing. Results: Results have showed a non-significant decrease in serum VEGF activity in the (CH.BG) (M) group when compared to other groups during 2, 3 weeks, followed by gradual decrease, then increase at 12 weeks of interval period. There was highly significant increase from pre-surgery to 12 weeks in serum BMP-2 levels in the (CH.BG) (M) group when compared to other groups. Conclusion: Biochemical parameters along with clinical and radiographical provide sound knowledge on the degree of bone healing with the use of chitosan bio-glass medicated by risedronate sodium drug. The statistical analysis will include the Fisher exact test and T test with significance level P < 0.05 (AU).

Goats still represent a significant species of livestock and their urinary system has clinical importance, especially in connection with the problem of urine retention in bucks (HELMY and FOUAD, 1964; SAID, 1964; KHAMIS and SALEH, 1970).Visualization of the urinary system by radiography may contribute to a better understanding of its pathology. The available literature included no radiological description of the urinary system in goats and the aim of the present work was to use excretory urography in caprines to demonstrate the radiographic anatomy of their urinary system. Material and MethodsFive experimental animals were used: 3 females and 2 males. Their weight ranged between 18 and 40 kg. and their age ranged between 3 and 5 years. The animals were prepared for radiography by fasting for 48 or 72 hours. Water was withheld for 24 hours prior to radiography.Urografin 76 O / o (Schering AG, Berlin) was used as an intravenous radioopaque medium. It was warmed and injected into the recurrent tarsal vein, either without prernedication or after injecting the animals intramuscularly with Chlorpromazin hydrochloride'? or nikethamide or both. The reaction to the urografin was followed over a period of 30 minutes from injection by recording temperature, rate of respiration and pulse rate.Varying doses of urografin (20, 30 and 40 ml./medium sized animal) were tested to select one which would give sufficient concentration in the renal pelvis. Immediately after injection of the urografin, pressure was applied to the posterior abdomen by means of a cotton cushion fixed in position with a bandage.-~ '> Neurazine (Misr, Egypt).

The North East area of El Baharya Oases represents one of the highest priority areas for future agricultural development in Egypt. The study area is located between longitudes 29° 9' 28.354" , 29° 27' 38.264"  East and latitudes 28° 47' 26.562"  , 29° 3' 17.531" North and covers an area of about 101294 feddans. A physiographic map was produced to present the mapping units of the study area. The area was classified into two landscapes, i.e., plateau represents 23.77 % of the total study area and plain which covers an area of about 77212.3 feddans (76.23 % of the total study area). The soils of the study area are classified as Entisols ( Torriorthents and Torripsamments) and Aridisols (Haplogypsids, Petrogypsids and Haplosalids). Land capability was used to evaluate the soils of the study area. The study area was classified into four capability subclasses, i.e., S2x, S3x,n , S3x,d and N1x,d,n .The soils of S2x (69.26 % of the total area) have moderate limitations for agricultural crops, whereas texture is the most limiting factor.

Background: The diagnosis of a failing renal allograft is a complex process. Radionuclide imaging is a great method that gives additional details about the perfusion and function of the transplant without harming the allograft to avoid invasive renal biopsy and its complications. Objective: The aim of the current study is the differentiation between acute renal graft rejection and acute tubular necrosis in the early post-transplant period using dynamic 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted and included 56 cases suffering from acute deteriorated graft function in first year after renal transplantation. We reviewed their dynamic 99mTc-DTPA images findings which performed at time of graft dysfunction and compared with graft biopsy results as a gold standard. Results: Acute renal rejection was diagnosed in 16 cases; acute tubular necrosis was evident in 28 cases and 12 cases suffering from both elements. By analysis, the mean ages of cases of acute renal graft rejection were 29.3 (SD 9.4) years, cases of acute tubular necrosis were 30.1 (SD 8.1) years, and cases of both elements were 30.7 (SD 5.6) years old. The scintigraphic results showed perfusion and delayed tracer excretion were the most significant predictors (Pvalue =0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of renal scintigraphy for the detection of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were 89.3% and 96.4%, respectively; in acute rejection (AR), were 97% and 99%. Conclusion: A non-invasive procedure with high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between acute renal rejection and acute tubular necrosis is dynamic renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DTPA.