Executive functions of children with developmental dyspraxia: Assessment combining neuropsychological and ecological tests

Toussaint-Thorin, M.; Marchal, François; Benkhaled, Ouarda; Pradat‐Diehl, Pascale; Boyer, Françoise; Chevignard, Mathilde

doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2013.02.006

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Children with DCD in the present study, in both tests of cognitive flexibility (FDT and TMT), showed poor performance, similar to previous studies (Michel et al, ; Piek, Dyck, Francis, & Conwell, ; Toussaint‐Thorin et al, ). Specifically, children with DCD and r‐DCD have significantly less accuracy in cognitive flexibility, concerning the time used to discriminate elements in the FDT tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, the results of TMT suggested that children with DCD, in the present study, had more difficulties to connect numeric and alphabetic displayed apart in a page. Slower visual scanning in children with motor deficits has been reported early (Toussaint‐Thorin et al, ) and may be the case in the present study. It is possible that the deficiencies in cognitive flexibility may be related to disturbances in the visuospatial processing for children with DCD, affecting reaction time, and not as a result of its capacity of this component of the executive function (Toussaint‐Thorin et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Slower visual scanning in children with motor deficits has been reported early (Toussaint‐Thorin et al, ) and may be the case in the present study. It is possible that the deficiencies in cognitive flexibility may be related to disturbances in the visuospatial processing for children with DCD, affecting reaction time, and not as a result of its capacity of this component of the executive function (Toussaint‐Thorin et al, ). Yet children with DCD have difficulty in recognizing the similarities or differences in specific motor tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Executive function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A comparative study

Sartori

Valentini

Fonseca

2020

Child

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Background Children with motor impairments also show poor performance in some executive functions' components. However, there is no consensus on which specific executive subdomain is more impacted. Aim The objective of this study was to compare executive functions in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), at risk for DCD (r‐DCD), and in typically developing (TD) children. Methods and Procedures A sample of 397 children was assessed using the MABC‐2. Two groups of children were identified; DCD (n = 63) and at r‐DCD (n = 31). A third matched group of children with TD (n = 63) was formed. The MABC‐2 checklist and the WASI tests were used as screening tools. Measures of executive function including verbal and nonverbal tasks for working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility were tested. Multivariate analysis of variance followed by analyses of variance and Bonferroni tests were used to verify group effects on executive functions. Results A significant group effects were found for Working Memory, Λ = .78, F(4, 360) = 10.12, p ≤ .001, ηp2 = .12; Inhibitory Control, Λ = .59, F(16, 294) = 5.48, p ≤ .001, ηp2 = .23; and Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibitory Control, Λ = .60, F(22, 288) = 3.74, p ≤ .001, ηp2 = .22, with moderate effect sizes. The DCD group showed lower scores compared with the TD group on the visuospatial and verbal working memory; inhibitory control and in tasks of cognitive flexibility; the r‐DCD group showed lower scores compared with the TD group for visuospatial working memory and for cognitive flexibility. Conclusions and Implications Poor performance in several measures of executive functions in children with DCD emphasized the need of motor/executive task‐specific interventions. Furthermore, children at r‐DCD showed low scores in several executive functions; therefore, preventive services should also be provided for this subclinical group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Executive function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A comparative study

Sartori

Valentini

Fonseca

2020

Child

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“…Executive function. There were 16 papers on executive function (Table SX) These studies covered both conventional themes like cold executive function [79][80][81][82][83] and new themes: executive function under different task constraints, [84][85][86] hot executive function (which concerns the implementation of cognitive control in the context of tasks with a salient reward/motivational component), 87,88 everyday executive function, 89,90 self-regulation during motor learning, 91 motor inhibition, 92 and cognition in young adults with DCD. 93,94 Asonitou et al 80 used a battery approach to investigate executive function in younger children (aged 5-6y), showing moderate correlations between domains of executive function and movement skill.…”

Section: Test Categories Cognitive Neuroscience Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and neuroimaging findings in developmental coordination disorder: new insights from a systematic review of recent research

Wilson

Smits-Engelsman

Caeyenberghs

et al. 2017

Develop Med Child Neuro

185

150

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Taken together, results support the hypothesis that children with DCD show differences in brain structure and function compared with typically developing children. Behaviourally, these differences may affect anticipatory planning and reduce automatization of movement skill, prompting greater reliance on slower feedback-based control and compensatory strategies. Implications for future research, theory development, and clinical practice are discussed.

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“…Indeed, the impairment of those skills might have an impact on gestural performance, which should be distinguished from specific praxic disorders. Considering these aspects is fully justified in DCD, since executive deficits were evoked in this syndrome (Wilson et al, 2012; Toussaint-Thorin et al, 2013; Pratt et al, 2014) as well as visuoperceptive and visuospatial disturbances (Tsai et al, 2008; Rösblad, 2011; Wilson et al, 2012). In the same way, whereas the lack of consensus on underlying deficits and sub-types identification (Wilson et al, 2012; Vaivre-Douret, 2014), the literature regularly highlights the wide inter- and intra-individual variability of disorders in DCD (King et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Specificity of Gestural Disorder in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Multiple Case Study

et al. 2017

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Aim: Praxis assessment in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is usually based on tests of adult apraxia, by comparing across types of gestures and input modalities. However, the cognitive models of adult praxis processing are rarely used in a comprehensive and critical interpretation. These models generally involve two systems: a conceptual system and a production system. Heterogeneity of deficits is consistently reported in DCD, involving other cognitive skills such as executive or visual-perceptual and visuospatial functions. Surprisingly, few researches examined the impact of these functions in gestural production. Our study aimed at discussing the nature and specificity of the gestural deficit in DCD using a multiple case study approach.Method: Tasks were selected and adapted from protocols proposed in adult apraxia, in order to enable a comprehensive assessment of gestures. This included conceptual tasks (knowledge about tool functions and actions; recognition of gestures), representational (transitive, intransitive), and non-representational gestures (imitation of meaningless postures). We realized an additional assessment of constructional abilities and other cognitive domains (executive functions, visual-perceptual and visuospatial functions). Data from 27 patients diagnosed with DCD were collected. Neuropsychological profiles were classified using an inferential clinical analysis based on the modified t-test, by comparison with 100 typically developing children divided into five age groups (from 7 to 13 years old).Results: Among the 27 DCD patients, we first classified profiles that are characterized by impairment in tasks assessing perceptual visual or visuospatial skills (n = 8). Patients with a weakness in executive functions (n = 6) were then identified, followed by those with an impaired performance in conceptual knowledge tasks (n = 4). Among the nine remaining patients, six could be classified as having a visual spatial/visual constructional dyspraxia. Gestural production deficits were variable between and within profiles.Discussion: This study confirmed the heterogeneity of gestural production deficit among children with a diagnosis of DCD, at both intra- and inter-individual levels. The contribution of other cognitive deficits in most of the profiles allows discussing the specificity of gestural difficulties. This argues in favor of the necessity to distinguish gestural problems with other deficits made apparent through gesture.

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Executive functions of children with developmental dyspraxia: Assessment combining neuropsychological and ecological tests

Abstract: Overall results suggest that some children diagnosed with developmental dyspraxia also exhibit executive function disorders. Ecological tests seem more sensitive for identifying executive function disorders than conventional tests.

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Executive function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A comparative study

Executive function in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A comparative study

Cognitive and neuroimaging findings in developmental coordination disorder: new insights from a systematic review of recent research

Nature and Specificity of Gestural Disorder in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Multiple Case Study

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