Exercise and the Mitochondria

Gidlund, Eva‐Karin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_3

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Studies assessing global DNA methylation and also assessing methylation at specific genes related to lipid metabolism appear to be related to causation of the metabolic syndrome [96]. Epigenetic methylation changes related to physical activity have been reported to occur in the regions regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1α, the master regulator of exercise-muscle activity, and also impact the adipose tissue response [97,98,99].…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Metabolic Syndrome And Implicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Myers

Kokkinos²,

Nyelin³

2019

Nutrients

411

225

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Both observational and interventional studies suggest an important role for physical activity and higher fitness in mitigating the metabolic syndrome. Each component of the metabolic syndrome is, to a certain extent, favorably influenced by interventions that include physical activity. Given that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components (particularly obesity and insulin resistance) has increased significantly in recent decades, guidelines from various professional organizations have called for greater efforts to reduce the incidence of this condition and its components. While physical activity interventions that lead to improved fitness cannot be expected to normalize insulin resistance, lipid disorders, or obesity, the combined effect of increasing activity on these risk markers, an improvement in fitness, or both, has been shown to have a major impact on health outcomes related to the metabolic syndrome. Exercise therapy is a cost-effective intervention to both prevent and mitigate the impact of the metabolic syndrome, but it remains underutilized. In the current article, an overview of the effects of physical activity and higher fitness on the metabolic syndrome is provided, along with a discussion of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of being more fit or more physically active in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Metabolic Syndrome And Implicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Myers

Kokkinos²,

Nyelin³

2019

Nutrients

411

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Metformin is the most commonly prescribed diabetes medication and highlights the interaction with fitness promotion [ 20 ]. Metformin has multiple actions impacting glucose homeostasis; it acts on the liver to lower glucose production; it acts on the intestines to increase glucose utilization; it promotes the release of GLP-1 and GIP (via gut microbiome); and it lowers proinflammatory cytokines [ 21 ]. Metformin has effects on energy by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex 1 with decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production [ 21 ].…”

Section: Metformin and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metformin has multiple actions impacting glucose homeostasis; it acts on the liver to lower glucose production; it acts on the intestines to increase glucose utilization; it promotes the release of GLP-1 and GIP (via gut microbiome); and it lowers proinflammatory cytokines [ 21 ]. Metformin has effects on energy by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex 1 with decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production [ 21 ]. As with exercise alone, Metformin also activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which result in improved insulin sensitivity [ 21 ].…”

Section: Metformin and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metformin has effects on energy by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex 1 with decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production [ 21 ]. As with exercise alone, Metformin also activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which result in improved insulin sensitivity [ 21 ]. At the level of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial respiration is decreased and lactate levels are higher [ 21 ].…”

Section: Metformin and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with exercise alone, Metformin also activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which result in improved insulin sensitivity [ 21 ]. At the level of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial respiration is decreased and lactate levels are higher [ 21 ]. The modifying potential of Metformin include elevated heart rate and lactate during exercise, increased perceived exertion, decreased glycemic response and hyperglucagonemia [ 22 ].…”

Section: Metformin and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newer Diabetes Management Options and Physical Fitness to Promote Cardiovascular Benefits

Nylén¹

2022

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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A plethora of diabetes studies and established clinical guidelines show the strong salutary benefit of aerobic, resistance, and/or combination exercise for improved glycemic and cardiovascular outcomes. Promotion of physical fitness is a cornerstone approach to improved diabetes management especially since subjects with diabetes have reduced baseline aerobic exercise capacity (i.e., reduced cardiorespiratory fitness) with associated increased risk for premature all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Since medications are often used in conjunction with fitness promotion this can result in complex interaction between management modalities. More recently, newer options such as glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and incretin agonists have shown to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in cardiovascular outcomes trials. Indeed, both classes of agents have experimentally the potential to synergize with exercise training but clinical data vis-à-vis cardiorespiratory fitness is still preliminary. Review of the interaction of exercise and metformin shows no improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. The use of glucose transporter-2 inhibitors may improve fitness performance in those with diabetes and heart failure. Although incretin agonists have physiological effects on the vasculature and heart, they lack similar clinical supportive data.

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Effects of High-Intensity Swimming Interval Training on Area, Perimeter, Circularity Index and Phenotype of Cardiac Mitochondrial Ultrastructure in Sprague Dawley Rats

Pasmiño,

Paredes,

Silva

2024

Life

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Physical inactivity impairs health by increasing morbidity. In childhood, modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular pathologies and related to mitochondrial function and structure are initiated by physical inactivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of high-intensity swimming interval training (HIIT-swim) on cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure in young Sprague Dawley rats compared with a sedentary group. Five-week-old Sprague Dawley rats (n = 18) were divided into a control group (C) (n = 6), a sedentary group (S) (n = 6) and an HIIT-swim group (H-s) (n = 6), the last of which performed HIIT-swim for 4 weeks. A mitochondrial ultrastructural evaluation was performed using transmission electron microscopy. In the H-s rats, mitochondrial areas and perimeters were found to be statistically significantly different from those of the C and S rats. In addition, no predominant intramitochondrial multifragmentation was observed in the mitochondria of H-s rats, but multifragmentation was evident in the mitochondria of S rats.

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Exercise and the Mitochondria

Cited by 3 publications

References 209 publications

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Newer Diabetes Management Options and Physical Fitness to Promote Cardiovascular Benefits

Effects of High-Intensity Swimming Interval Training on Area, Perimeter, Circularity Index and Phenotype of Cardiac Mitochondrial Ultrastructure in Sprague Dawley Rats

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