Exercise-Induced Alternations of Adiponectin, Interleukin-8 and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Adiponectin (ADIPO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are proteins that play a significant, albeit opposing, role in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reported data on the effect of physical activity on the levels of these hormones in the population of people with MetS are conflicting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in hormone concentrations, insulin-resistance indices and body composition after two types of training. The study included 62 men with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body fat [BF] = 37.53 ± 4.5%), randomly assigned to: an experimental group EG1 (n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, an experimental group EG2 (n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and a control group CG (n = 20) without interventions. Anthropometric measurements and body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], gynoid body fat [GYNOID]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (adiponectin [ADIPO], interleukin-8 [IL-8], homeostatic model assessment—adiponectin (HOMA-AD) and homeostatic model assessment—triglycerides (HOMA-TG) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup (between groups) and intragroup (within each group) changes were statistically evaluated. In the experimental groups EG1 and EG2, no significant changes were observed in the ADIPO concentration, but a decrease of GYNOID and insulin-resistance indices was confirmed. The aerobic training led to favorable changes in IL-8 concentration. The use of combined resistance and aerobic training led to improved body composition, decreased waist circumference and better insulin-resistance indices in men with MetS.

Exercise-induced effects on asprosin and indices of atherogenicity and insulin resistance in males with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

“…During the observation period without planned exercises in our study, we confirmed an increase in ASP concentration compared to the 12-week intervention, both in the intervention group (EG2) and the CG. Such fluctuation may be attributed to increased carbohydrate and fat consumption in the diet of the examined men, as demonstrated in our previous work 31 . The observed upward trend in circulating ASP concentrations in CG may corroborate reports associated with the risk of ASP accumulation in the bodies of individuals with MetS and the ensuing metabolic consequences.…”

“…Such a mechanism may contribute to the progression of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders 16 , 17 . In the CG, despite the lack of intervention, we confirmed an increase in fat consumption in the diet 31 . The disease of obesity and its comorbidity with MetS, without interventions aimed at improving health status, lead to progressive hormonal, metabolic, psychological, and numerous other disorders 32 , 33 .…”

“…Changes in HOMA-IR levels in this type of training are mainly associated with changes in insulin concentration 34 . Processes related to changes in insulin resistance levels in the study group were also described in HOMA-AD and HOMA-TG indices, whose fluctuations closely reflect the obtained HOMA-IR values 31 .…”

“…When engaging in aerobic training alone, favorable changes occur at a slower pace during the presented period. The observed phenomenon may be attributed to the significant influence of resistance training on muscle mass development, which is the main component of FFM in the EG2 group, as changes in fat tissue levels are similar in groups performing aerobic training alone and aerobic-resistance training 31 .…”

“…The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry under the registration number ACTRN12622001394730 (31/10/2022) and followed CONSORT guidelines. A detailed description of the research methods was presented in previous papers 31 , 34 , 35 .…”