Exercise induction of gut microbiota modifications in obese, non-obese and hypertensive rats

Abstract

BackgroundObesity is a multifactor disease associated with cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. Recently, gut microbiota was linked to obesity pathogenesisand shown to influence the host metabolism. Moreover, several factors such as host-genotype and life-style have been shown to modulate gut microbiota composition. Exercise is a well-known agent used for the treatment of numerous pathologies, such as obesity and hypertension; it has recently been demonstrated to shape gut microbiota consortia. Since exercise-altered microbiota could possibly improve the treatment of diseases related to dysfunctional microbiota, this study aimed to examine the effect of controlled exercise training on gut microbial composition in Obese rats (n = 3), non-obese Wistar rats (n = 3) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (n = 3). Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples collected before and after exercise training was used for this purpose.ResultsExercise altered the composition and diversity of gut bacteria at genus level in all rat lineages. Allobaculum (Hypertensive rats), Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus (Obese rats) were shown to be enriched after exercise, while Streptococcus (Wistar rats), Aggregatibacter and Sutturella (Hypertensive rats) were more enhanced before exercise. A significant correlation was seen in the Clostridiaceae and Bacteroidaceae families and Oscillospira and Ruminococcus genera with blood lactate accumulation. Moreover, Wistar and Hypertensive rats were shown to share a similar microbiota composition, as opposed to Obese rats. Finally, Streptococcus alactolyticus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Ruminococcus gnavus, Aggregatibacter pneumotropica and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were enriched in Obese rats.ConclusionsThese data indicate that non-obese and hypertensive rats harbor a different gut microbiota from obese rats and that exercise training alters gut microbiota from an obese and hypertensive genotype background.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-511) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Exercise, Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: Possible Links and Consequences

“…Aerobic training may be associated with a favorable environment for Clostridiaceae, Bacteroideae and Ruminococus, but an unfavorable environment for Oscillospira due to acidification of the intestinal environment. The proposition by Petriz, et al [32] is in agreement with modification of the gut environment following high intensity or long period exercise. Exercise should modify the environment in a favorable way in terms of anaerobic bacteria population, or acidic environment since a decrease splanchnic blood flow and oxygen supply occurs [32].…”

“…Apart from both studies exposing the animals to the same diet (HFD), these differences observed between these two studies may originate from the different experimental models used. Liu, et al [31] Petriz, et al [32] proposed that training status and intensity may be favorable to the proliferation of specific families of bacteria [32]. The authors reported an inverse correlation between exercise and Clostridiaceae/Bacteroideae families and Ruminococus genera, and a positive correlation between Oscillospira in exercise intensity.…”

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

“…In previous studies of the fecal microbiota of hypertensive rats, Allobaculum, Aggregatibacter , and Sutturela were enriched however, we found that only Aggregatibacter was enriched and Allobaculum and Sutturela were significantly decreased in relative abundance within the fecal microbiota of the PNA animals; these bacteria are associated with glucose metabolism and the specific role is unknown. 123 −125 …”

Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Effects on Gut Miccrobiota and Depression

“…It is known for decades that gut microbiota is implicated in food metabolism and obesity [23,24]. Recent studies found that gut microbiota dynamics are also regulated by metabolism changes, such as through physical exercise or diet change [25][26][27][28]. Interestingly, physical exercise modulates different population of gut bacteria in compared to food restriction or rich diet [29], and alleviates gut syndromes to toxin intake [30].…”

“…It is also noted that regardless of genetic background, exercise could induce gut microbiota composition changes in different lines of animals (e.g. rats with hypertension and obesity) [26], suggesting that exercise-based modulation of gut microbiota might act as therapeutic mechanisms to different diseases. In future studies, it will also be important to identify the exercise-altered gut bacteria species to see if these are the stress-suppressed population.…”