Exercise: it's only a matter of time

Saner, Nicholas J.; Lee, Matthew J-C

doi:10.1113/jp280366

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Whether performing exercise at alternate times of the day might influence clock gene expression in human skeletal muscle differently remains to be elucidated. Considering the negative metabolic consequences, such as reduction in insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function, attributed to both circadian misalignment and sleep loss [ 21 , 67 ] and the potential benefits of exercise in this context [ 17 , 68 ], further research is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms

Saner

Lee

Kuang

et al. 2021

Molecular Metabolism

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Objective Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Because exercise improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investigated whether exercise may counteract the effects induced by inadequate sleep. Methods To minimize between-group differences of baseline characteristics, 24 healthy young males were allocated into one of the three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed (TIB) per night, for five nights), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB per night, for five nights), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB per night, for five nights and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions). Glucose tolerance, mitochondrial respiratory function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis (SarcPS), and diurnal measures of peripheral skin temperature were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results We report that the SR group had reduced glucose tolerance post-intervention (mean change ± SD, P value, SR glucose AUC: 149 ± 115 A.U., P = 0.002), which was also associated with reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function (SR: -15.9 ± 12.4 pmol O 2 .s −1 .mg −1 , P = 0.001), a lower rate of SarcPS (FSR%/day SR: 1.11 ± 0.25%, P < 0.001), and reduced amplitude of diurnal rhythms. These effects were not observed when incorporating three sessions of HIIE during this period (SR+EX: glucose AUC 67 ± 57, P = 0.239, mitochondrial respiratory function: 0.6 ± 11.8 pmol O 2 .s −1 .mg −1 , P = 0.997, and SarcPS (FSR%/day): 1.77 ± 0.22%, P = 0.971). Conclusions A five-night period of sleep restriction leads to reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function, SarcPS, and amplitude of skin temperature diurnal rhythms, with a concurrent reduction in glucose tolerance. We provide novel data demonstrating that these same detrimental effects are not observed when HIIE is performed during the period of sleep restriction. These data therefore provide evidence in support of the use of HIIE as an intervention to mitigate the detrimental physiological effects of sleep loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms

Saner

Lee

Kuang

et al. 2021

Molecular Metabolism

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“…In fact, bouts of recovery sleep are not always sufficient to mitigate the detrimental effects of sleep loss on metabolic health (22)(23)(24)(25). However, exercise improves glucose tolerance (26,27) and mitochondrial function (28)(29)(30)(31)(32), and can alter circadian rhythms (33,34). Data from our lab (utilising the same design as the present study) has also demonstrated that high-intensity interval (HIIE) exercise is able to mitigate the detrimental effects of sleep restriction (5 nights, 4 h TIB each night) on glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythms, and both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein synthesis (14,15,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sleep Restriction, With or Without Exercise, on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Profiles in Healthy Young Males

et al. 2022

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BackgroundInadequate sleep is associated with many detrimental health effects, including increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These effects have been associated with changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome, although this has not been characterised in response to a period of sleep restriction. Exercise induces a beneficial transcriptional response within skeletal muscle that may counteract some of the negative effects associated with sleep restriction. We hypothesised that sleep restriction would down-regulate transcriptional pathways associated with glucose metabolism, but that performing exercise would mitigate these effects.Methods20 healthy young males were allocated to one of three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed per night (TIB), for five nights (11 pm – 7 am)), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am – 7 am)), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am – 7 am) and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions (performed at 10 am)). RNA sequencing was performed on muscle samples collected pre- and post-intervention. Our data was then compared to skeletal muscle transcriptomic data previously reported following sleep deprivation (24 h without sleep).ResultsGene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated there was an increased enrichment of inflammatory and immune response related pathways in the SR group post-intervention. However, in the SR+EX group the direction of enrichment in these same pathways occurred in the opposite directions. Despite this, there were no significant changes at the individual gene level from pre- to post-intervention. A set of genes previously shown to be decreased with sleep deprivation was also decreased in the SR group, but increased in the SR+EX group.ConclusionThe alterations to inflammatory and immune related pathways in skeletal muscle, following five nights of sleep restriction, provide insight regarding the transcriptional changes that underpin the detrimental effects associated with sleep loss. Performing three sessions of HIIE during sleep restriction attenuated some of these transcriptional changes. Overall, the transcriptional alterations observed with a moderate period of sleep restriction were less evident than previously reported changes following a period of sleep deprivation.

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“…Different exercise modalities, such as resistance exercise or moderate‐intensity endurance exercise, may provide a more beneficial stimulus under conditions of sleep loss, given the diverse range of physiological and psychological changes induced by each different exercise modality and intensity (Basso & Suzuki, 2017; Chang et al, 2012; Sauvet et al, 2020). The appropriate choice of when to exercise under sleep‐restricted conditions is another important consideration, given the potential time‐of‐day specific effects of exercise (Grgic et al, 2019; Saner & Lee, 2020) and considering that the influence of sleep restriction on mood and alertness, likely increases throughout the day. In this regard, a recent study demonstrated that individual chronotype was an important consideration for interpreting the effect of exercise timing on psychological state and sleep quality (Saidi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were assigned to either normal sleep (NS, n = 8), sleep restriction (SR, n = 8), or sleep restriction and exercise (SR + EX, n = 8). Physiological data from this cohort of participants (including data relating to glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle analysis) has been previously reported elsewhere (Lin et al, 2022; Saner et al, 2021; Saner & Lee, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise, on behavioural alertness and mood state in young healthy males

Saner

Lee

Pitchford

et al. 2023

Journal of Sleep Research

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SummaryMood state and alertness are negatively affected by sleep loss, and can be positively influenced by exercise. However, the potential mitigating effects of exercise on sleep‐loss‐induced changes in mood state and alertness have not been studied comprehensively. Twenty‐four healthy young males were matched into one of three, 5‐night sleep interventions: normal sleep (NS; total sleep time (TST) per night = 449 ± 22 min), sleep restriction (SR; TST = 230 ± 5 min), or sleep restriction and exercise (SR + EX; TST = 235 ± 5 min, plus three sessions of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE)). Mood state was assessed using the profile of mood states (POMS) and a daily well‐being questionnaire. Alertness was assessed using psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT). Following the intervention, POMS total mood disturbance scores significantly increased for both the SR and SR + EX groups, and were greater than the NS group (SR vs NS; 31.0 ± 10.7 A.U., [4.4–57.7 A.U.], p = 0.020; SR + EX vs NS; 38.6 ± 14.9 A.U., [11.1–66.1 A.U.], p = 0.004). The PVT reaction times increased in the SR (p = 0.049) and SR + EX groups (p = 0.033) and the daily well‐being questionnaire revealed increased levels of fatigue in both groups (SR; p = 0.041, SR + EX; p = 0.026) during the intervention. Despite previously demonstrated physiological benefits of performing three sessions of HIIE during five nights of sleep restriction, the detriments to mood, wellness, and alertness were not mitigated by exercise in this study. Whether alternatively timed exercise sessions or other exercise protocols could promote more positive outcomes on these factors during sleep restriction requires further research.

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Exercise: it's only a matter of time

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms

Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms

The Effect of Sleep Restriction, With or Without Exercise, on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Profiles in Healthy Young Males

The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise, on behavioural alertness and mood state in young healthy males

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