Exercise mediated protection of diabetic heart through modulation of microRNA mediated molecular pathways

Abstract

Hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance collectively impact on the myocardium of people with diabetes, triggering molecular, structural and myocardial abnormalities. These have been suggested to aggravate oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, myocardial lipotoxicity and impaired myocardial substrate utilization. As a consequence, this leads to the development of a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, which may include but not limited to coronary endothelial dysfunction, and left ventricular remodelling and dysfunction. Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the term used to describe the presence of heart disease specifically in diabetic patients. Despite significant advances in medical research and long clinical history of anti-diabetic medications, the risk of heart failure in people with diabetes never declines. Interestingly, sustainable and long-term exercise regimen has emerged as an effective synergistic therapy to combat the cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes, although the precise molecular mechanism(s) underlying this protection remain unclear. This review provides an overview of the underlying mechanisms of hyperglycaemia- and insulin resistance-mediated DHD with a detailed discussion on the role of different intensities of exercise in mitigating these molecular alterations in diabetic heart. In particular, we provide the possible role of exercise on microRNAs, the key molecular regulators of several pathophysiological processes.

Collaborative care model improves self-care ability, quality of life and cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure

“…Moreover, exercising regularly has been found to be associated with major improvements in the quality of life and cardiac function (33,34). Although the precise molecular mechanism(s) of action remain unclear, physical exercise has been advocated as a non-pharmacological adjuvant to strengthen the conventional management and prevention of cardiovascular events (35). A series of clinical and experimental studies has demonstrated that an appropriate volume and intensity of exercise can ameliorate myocardial dysfunction through the improvement of maximum oxygen consumption, LVEF, LV diastolic and systolic volumes, ventilatory threshold, cardiac output and diastolic function (E/A ratio) (35–38).…”

“…Although the precise molecular mechanism(s) of action remain unclear, physical exercise has been advocated as a non-pharmacological adjuvant to strengthen the conventional management and prevention of cardiovascular events (35). A series of clinical and experimental studies has demonstrated that an appropriate volume and intensity of exercise can ameliorate myocardial dysfunction through the improvement of maximum oxygen consumption, LVEF, LV diastolic and systolic volumes, ventilatory threshold, cardiac output and diastolic function (E/A ratio) (35–38). In the present study, the patients in the CCM group received telemonitoring from primary nurses and exercise training, which might partly explain the ameliorative effects of CCM on quality of life and cardiac function.…”

Alteration in the expression of the renin-angiotensin system in the myocardium of mice conceived by in vitro fertilization†

“…MiRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules of approximately 22-24 nucleotides that participate in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression [69]. A variety of miRNAs have been shown to regulate hypertension, coronary heart disease, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders [70,71]. In this study, miR-100, miR-297, and miR-758 were chosen as candidate genes after miRNA database prediction indicated that they interact with Col3a1, Agtr1a, and Col1a2, respectively.…”

“…In addition to ART-associated DNA methylation and chromatin acetylation modifications, the role of noncoding RNAs in regulating gene expression has become a concern in IVF-ET offspring [36]. It is known that multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and glycolipid metabolic disorders [37,38]. However, few studies have focused on whether ART affects the expression of miRNAs.…”

MiR-21 protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced diastolic dysfunction by targeting gelsolin

“…Decreased plasma level of miR-21 was found in patients with diabetes in large population-based cohorts [26–28]. Recently, it was found that miRNAs mediated the benefits of exercise and bariatric surgery to the heart in diabetic/prediabetic patients, and the decreased circulating miR-21 were restored after bariatric surgery or physical activity [25, 29]. Moreover, upregulation of miR-21 or downregulation of its targets could lead to diabetic cardiac dysfunction [30–32].…”