Exercise Training and Calorie Restriction Influence the Metabolic Parameters in Ovariectomized Female Rats

Abstract

The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to overweight or obesity, and physical exercise is one of the important modulators of this body weight gain. Female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) or sham operation (SO). OVX and SO groups were randomized into new groups based on the voluntary physical activity (with or without running) and the type of diet for 12 weeks. Rats were fed standard chow (CTRL), high triglyceride diet (HT), or restricted diet (CR). The metabolic syndrome was assessed by measuring the body weight gain, the glucose sensitivity, and the levels of insulin, triglyceride, leptin, and aspartate aminotransferase transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The exercise training combined with the CR resulted in improvements in the glucose tolerance and the insulin sensitivity. Plasma TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly higher in OVX rats fed with HT but these high values were suppressed by exercise and CR. Compared to SO animals, estrogen deprivation with HT caused a significant increase in leptin level. Our data provide evidence that CR combined with voluntary physical exercise can be a very effective strategy to prevent the development of a metabolic syndrome induced by high calorie diet.

The Effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed and 17-β Estradiol on Serum Apelin, Glucose, Lipids, and Insulin in Ovariectomized Rats

“…In contrast to the present study, the study of Ahmadi et al (25) showed significantly decreased serum insulin in OVX rats as compared with control animals. In line with the present study, Posa et al demonstrated that serum insulin significantly increased in OVX rats (26), which could be regarded as a marker for developing an insulinresistant state. In addition, an increase in serum insulin may be due to the hyperactivity of the pancreatic islet cells to serum glucose (27).…”

Influence of oophorectomy on glycemia and lipidogram

“…The mechanism by which ovarian hormones affect the women's physiology still not fully understood. However, the lack of these, due to ovarian failure (menopause) or surgical removal (oophorectomy) is associated with development of adverse conditions, such as: obesity 4,13 , diabetes 4,5 and dyslipidemia 4,5 .…”

“…The glycemia, as plasma cholesterol levels, shows fluctuations of serum levels (groups 2 to 5) before the fifty days of post-operation; strengthen the hypothesis of adaptation to hormonal suppression. This hormonal influence is important to be highlighted, because after menopause other risk factors involved in insulin resistance happen 4,5,19 , such as obesity and muscle loss.…”

“…Cholesterol and triglycerides levels are influenced by several factors 4,6,7 , such as: diet, life style, age, sex, changes in spleen e hormonal changes. The women's lipid profile has a high influence of this hormonal change, since physiological fluctuations in menstrual cycle change the lipidogram and glycemia 8 .…”

Rekreatív testmozgás kardioprotektív és gyulladáscsökkentő hatásának vizsgálata patkánymodellben

“…Munkacsoportunk korábbi tanulmánya már kimutatta, hogy a 12 hetes testmozgás jótékony hatással van a magas triglicerid tartalmú (HT) étrenden tartott, ovariektomizált (OVX) nőstény patkányok kedvezőtlen metabolikus paramétereire [25].…”