Exercise Training for Competitive Tennis

Deutsch, Ezra; Deutsch, Susan; Douglas, Pamela S.

doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(20)30944-3

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The dominant IL is the most active muscle of the dominant leg during the entire kicking motion [12] . But iliopsoas is also very active during sprinting [1] and sprinting constitutes one of the most important activities in soccer [27] , and not in tennis [28] – [31] . Soccer demands longer sprints than tennis to obtain an advantageous position to receive the ball or to defend a player [32] , whereas tennis is more characterized by quick movements in varied directions with shorter displacements (mean 3 m per shot) [29] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iliopsoas and Gluteal Muscles Are Asymmetric in Tennis Players but Not in Soccer Players

Sanchís-Moysi

Idoate²,

Izquierdo

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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PurposeTo determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of iliopsoas (IL) and gluteal muscles (GL) in tennis and soccer players.MethodsIL and GL volumes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in male professional tennis (TP) and soccer players (SP), and in non-active control subjects (CG) (n = 8, 15 and 6, respectively).ResultsThe dominant and non-dominant IL were hypertrophied in TP (24 and 36%, respectively, P<0.05) and SP (32 and 35%, respectively, P<0.05). In TP the asymmetric hypertrophy of IL (13% greater volume in the non-dominant than in the dominant IL, P<0.01) reversed the side-to-side relationship observed in CG (4% greater volume in the dominant than in the contralateral IL, P<0.01), whilst soccer players had similar volumes in both sides (P = 0.87). The degree of side-to-side asymmetry decreased linearly from the first lumbar disc to the pubic symphysis in TP (r = −0.97, P<0.001), SP (r = −0.85, P<0.01) and CG (r = −0.76, P<0.05). The slope of the relationship was lower in SP due to a greater hypertrophy of the proximal segments of the dominant IL. Soccer and CG had similar GL volumes in both sides (P = 0.11 and P = 0.19, for the dominant and contralateral GL, respectively). GL was asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP. The non-dominant GL volume was 20% greater in TP than in CG (P<0.05), whilst TP and CG had similar dominant GL volumes (P = 0.14).ConclusionsTennis elicits an asymmetric hypertrophy of IL and reverses the normal dominant-to-non-dominant balance observed in non-active controls, while soccer is associated to a symmetric hypertrophy of IL. Gluteal muscles are asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP, while SP display a similar size to that observed in controls. It remains to be determined whether the different patterns of IL and GL hypertrophy may influence the risk of injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iliopsoas and Gluteal Muscles Are Asymmetric in Tennis Players but Not in Soccer Players

Sanchís-Moysi

Idoate²,

Izquierdo

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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“…Previous descriptions of COD movements in tennis matchplay have detailed that players perform, on average, between 4 (1) and 5 (16) CODs per point. Within our study, both sexes performed an average of 1.6 medium to high-intensity CODs/point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Change of Direction Movement Demands in Professional Tennis Matchplay: An Analysis From the Australian Open Grand Slam

Giles

Peeling

Reid

2024

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Giles, B, Peeling, P, and Reid, M. Quantifying change of direction movement demands in professional tennis matchplay: An analysis from the Australian Open Grand Slam. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1419–1427, 2023—Change of direction (COD) contributes significantly to the movement repertoire of professional tennis players, yet the time-motion and degree demands of these changes are poorly understood. This study examines the velocity, acceleration, and angular displacement profiles of COD movements in modern professional tennis. One hundred eighty-two singles matches of Hawk-Eye player tracking data collected from the Australian Open Grand Slam were used for analysis. A novel COD classification algorithm was used to identify >120,000 medium and high-intensity CODs for analysis. Descriptive characteristics of the COD performance were calculated using player coordinate and time variables. Sex comparisons were analyzed using 2 mixed-effects models assessed for differences via likelihood ratios. Players performed 1.6 CODs per point. Both sexes executed, on average, 1.3–1.4 shots and covered 4.8 m per COD, with men performing changes every 2.7 seconds and women every 3.1 seconds. Medium-intensity COD comprised 88–94% of all identified changes. Approximately 2 in 3 CODs involved a degree of change >105°, whereas cutting maneuvers (<45°) were most commonly high-intensity COD. This study is the first to quantify the COD characteristics of professional tennis matchplay. Both sexes performed the same average number of CODs per point, however, men executed high-intensity changes twice as frequently as women, at an average of 1 every 5 points. These novel findings will help to improve the specificity of training interventions in elite tennis conditioning.

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“…Tennis is a sport that requires high intensities of exercise (Deustch et al., 1998; Kovacs, 2007; O'Donoghue & Ingram, 2001; Parsons & Jones, 1998) but also minimal amounts of fat mass to allow athletes to move with pace and acceleration. Thus the steeper increase in BMI associated with success can be explained by a higher BMI being more likely to reflect greater muscle mass, thus conferring advantage in tennis match play given the profile of intermittent high‐intensity bouts of exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bouts of activity are punctuated by short recovery periods, of 10–20 seconds between points and scheduled periods of longer duration for changeovers and sets (90 and 120 seconds, respectively) (Fernandez, Fernandez‐Garcia, Mendez‐Villanueva, Bishop, & Terrdos, 2005; Fernandez, Mendez‐Villanueva, & Pluim, 2006; Pluim, 2004). Matches may last >5 hours (Kovacs, 2004), with players running approximately 3 m per stroke (Parsons & Jones, 1998), changing direction four times by point, and completing 300–500 explosive efforts during a match (Deustch, Deustch, & Douglas, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From endurance to power athletes: The changing shape of successful male professional tennis players

Gale-Watts

Nevill

2016

European Journal of Sport Science

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The aim of the present study was to identify whether the relative shape and size characteristics of elite male tennis players have changed over time, and in addition whether any anthropometric parameters characterise the more successful players in Grand Slam tournaments. The height and body mass of the players qualifying for the first round in all four Grand Slam tennis tournaments during the period 1982-2011 was obtained, and successful players defined arbitrarily as those reaching round 3 or beyond. Body mass index (BMI) and the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) were used as our measures of body shape. Multilevel modelling was used to explore the trend over time using non-linear polynomials. The results suggest that the body shape of elite tennis players has changed over time, with a non-linear (cubic polynomial regression model) increase in BMI and a similar non-linear decline in the RPI. BMI, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, has emerged as an important factor associated with success, identified by a significantly positive (steeper) "successful player"-by-"year" interaction term. The evidence that the RPI of elite tennis players has also decreased over time, together with a significantly negative "successful player"-by-"year" interaction term, suggests that a more linear (ectomorphic) body shape is a less important factor in terms of success. These results suggest that elite male tennis players are becoming more power trained athletes as opposed to endurance athletes, with greater muscle mass being an important factor associated with success in all Grand Slam tournaments.

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Exercise Training for Competitive Tennis

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Iliopsoas and Gluteal Muscles Are Asymmetric in Tennis Players but Not in Soccer Players

Iliopsoas and Gluteal Muscles Are Asymmetric in Tennis Players but Not in Soccer Players

Quantifying Change of Direction Movement Demands in Professional Tennis Matchplay: An Analysis From the Australian Open Grand Slam

From endurance to power athletes: The changing shape of successful male professional tennis players

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