Exercise Training in the Normal Female

Loucks, Anne B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-016-2_9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…al., who said that physical activity limits pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and, to a lesser extent, folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), which, in turn, limits ovarian stimulation and estradiol production. He also observed in his another work that exercise alone has no effect on LH pulsatility 28 which is not in agreement with the result of this study because the participants didn't have caloric restriction yet there was reduction in LH after exercise. Too much exercise can have negative effects on the reproductive system, including primary and secondary amenorrhea probably through luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) suppression by involving the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effect of moderate - vigorous intensity physical exercise on female sex hormones in premenopausal university students in Nnewi, Nigeria

et al. 2014

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movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure. 1 It is associated with lower risk of several diseases including: Cardiovascular disease, 2 Breast cancer, 3 Obesity, 4 Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 5 Osteoporosis, Protect ovarian function, 6 It affects hormonal milieu, including sex steroid hormones and metabolic profiles. 7 ABSTRACT Background: Sedentary lifestyle and diseases associated with it is on the increase in our communities, state and country as a whole. The objective was to determine the effect of exercise on ovarian reserve status of the participants using day 3 FSH, LH and estrogen values and the ovulatory status of the participants using day 21 progesterone values. Methods: The study was a prospective comparative study. A total of 30 participants were recruited for this work. They were divided into 2 groups: 15 subjects that did exercise for 1 month and 15 controls that didn't do any form of exercise. Baseline blood samples were collected from the two groups on day 3 and day 21 of the menstrual cycle. The subjects started exercise on day 1 of the next menstrual cycle. Blood samples were collected from the subjects and control on day 3 and day 21 of the next menstrual cycle. Results: There was significant reduction in weight and therefore BMI of the study group compared to control group and study group baseline after one month of exercise (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the baseline levels of Estrogen, FSH, LH and progesterone between the subjects and control groups before the exercise, but after 1 month of exercise, there were significant differences in the levels of estrogen, FSH, LH and progesterone in these groups (P<0.01). Among the study group there were significant differences in the baseline and final levels of Estrogen, FSH, LH and Progesterone (P<0.01). Conclusions:The hormonal pattern shows that moderate-vigorous exercise may increase the responsiveness and sensitivity of the follicles to FSH and LH with attendant increase in ovulatory status of young females.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effect of moderate - vigorous intensity physical exercise on female sex hormones in premenopausal university students in Nnewi, Nigeria

et al. 2014

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“…However, experiments attempting to induce menstrual dysfunction in women have shown that exercise coupled with caloric restriction effects LH suppression, whereas exercise alone has no effect on LH pulsatility (Loucks 2000).…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system

Warren¹,

Perlroth²

2001

Journal of Endocrinology

381

198

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Women have become increasingly physically active in recent decades. While exercise provides substantial health benefits, intensive exercise is also associated with a unique set of risks for the female athlete. Hypothalamic dysfunction associated with strenuous exercise, and the resulting disturbance of GnRH pulsatility, can result in delayed menarche and disruption of menstrual cyclicity.Specific mechanisms triggering reproductive dysfunction may vary across athletic disciplines. An energy drain incurred by women whose energy expenditure exceeds dietary energy intake appears to be the primary factor effecting GnRH suppression in athletes engaged in sports emphasizing leanness; nutritional restriction may be an important causal factor in the hypoestrogenism observed in these athletes. A distinct hormonal profile characterized by hyperandrogenism rather than hypoestrogenism is associated with athletes engaged in sports emphasizing strength over leanness. Complications associated with suppression of GnRH include infertility and compromised bone density. Failure to attain peak bone mass and bone loss predispose hypoestrogenic athletes to osteopenia and osteoporosis.Metabolic aberrations associated with nutritional insult may be the primary factors effecting low bone density in hypoestrogenic athletes, thus diagnosis should include careful screening for abnormal eating behavior. Increasing caloric intake to offset high energy demand may be sufficient to reverse menstrual dysfunction and stimulate bone accretion. Treatment with exogenous estrogen may help to curb further bone loss in the hypoestrogenic amenorrheic athlete, but may not be sufficient to stimulate bone growth. Treatment aimed at correcting metabolic abnormalities may in fact prove more effective than that aimed at correcting estrogen deficiencies.

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“…However, some studies have observed that restricted energy availability following intense exercise caused the reduction in LH concentration via disruption of GnRH release in females (42,43). In contrary, Loucks (44) observed in another study that exercise alone has no effect on LH pulsatility. Moreover, it was reported by Bullen et al (45) that an 8-week moderate endurance exercise did not affect LH level and this finding was similar to another study which reported that LH concentration did not change after bicycle ergometer exercise in middle-distance runners (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of 3 Months Exercise on Ovarian Reserve and Ovulatory Status of Premenopausal Students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus

Dioka

2022

Int J Health Sci Res

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There is a traditional believe that if premenopausal women engage in prolonged physical exercise, they are likely to have infertility. This study assessed the effect of prolonged moderate – vigorous exercise on ovarian reserve and ovulatory status in premenopausal students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus. The objectives were to determine the effect of moderate – vigorous intensity exercise on Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), day 3 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), day 3 Estrogen, day 21 Estrogen, and day 21 Progesterone levels in premenopausal women. This was a prospective comparative study involving 80 participants aged between 19 and 25 years, randomly selected and assigned to exercise group and control group. The exercise group comprised 40 participants who engaged in moderate – vigorous intensity exercise using elliptical bike for 30 minutes, five days a week for 3 months; however, 30 individuals completed the exercise. The control group comprised of 40 individuals that did not do exercise but 30 individuals completed the study. Blood (8ml) was collected from each of the participants at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. AMH, FSH, LH, Estrogen and Progesterone levels were analyzed using enzyme- linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results were regarded as significant at p˂ 0.05. In the exercise group, the serum level of day 3 FSH, LH, Estrogen were significantly lower from 7.27±0.77 mIU/ml, 7.00±0.77 mIU/ml, 36.33±5.13 pg/ml respectively at baseline to 5.62±0.48 mIU/ml, 5.36±0.80 mIU/ml, 21.36±4.34 pg/ml respectively after 3 months of exercise while there was significantly higher levels of AMH and day 21 progesterone after 3 months of exercise compared with the baseline and respective control (p<0.05). Prolonged Moderate-to-vigorous exercise may enhance fertility and well-being of premenopausal women. Key words: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), day 3 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), day 3 Estrogen, day 21 Estrogen, day 21 Progesterone, moderate – vigorous exercise, ovarian reserve, ovulatory status, premenopausal women.

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Exercise Training in the Normal Female

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Effect of moderate - vigorous intensity physical exercise on female sex hormones in premenopausal university students in Nnewi, Nigeria

Effect of moderate - vigorous intensity physical exercise on female sex hormones in premenopausal university students in Nnewi, Nigeria

The effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system

Effect of 3 Months Exercise on Ovarian Reserve and Ovulatory Status of Premenopausal Students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus

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