Exercise training induces transitions of myosin isoform subunits within histochemically typed human muscle fibres

Baumann, Hugo; Jaggi, Monika; Soland, Felix; Howald, H.; Schaub, Marcus C.

doi:10.1007/bf00583788

Cited by 109 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Numerous studies of the human (2,3,4,12,13,17,20,24) have shown that skeletal muscle fiber characteristics change depending on the mode of exercise. Anaerobic exercise facilitates increases in fast-twitch muscle, while aerobic exercise facilitates increases in slow-twitch muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

et al. 2007

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In vivo studies have shown that changes in the characteristics of skeletal muscle fiber are determined by type of exercise or training. These earlier studies on mechanical stimulation, however, have all employed stimulation applied at a constant intensity, and no studies appear to have investigated change with variation of intensity of stimulation. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and differentiation of myoblasts stretched at different rates. Myoblasts were stimulated at 3 different rates, and the numbers of cells and nuclei on days 1, 3, and 5 were compared. The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA expression level was also compared. We investigated expression of MyHC-perinatal to determine speed of differentiation of myoblasts, and expression of MyHC2b, 2d, and 2a to ascertain muscle cell characteristics. Counting cells and nuclei of myoblasts revealed clear promotion of differentiation with stretching. With rapid stretching, expression of MyHC-perinatal was high at first, but then showed a decrease. In terms of effect on muscle fiber characteristics, MyHC-2b, MyHC-2d, and MyHC-2a were high with rapid, medium, and slow stretching, respectively. This indicated that myoblast differentiation was promoted regardless of difference in stretching speed, with the myoblasts acquiring the muscle-fiber characteristics appropriate to each rate of stretching.Exercise and training are known to bring about changes in the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers (26,27). Numerous studies of the human (2,3,4,12,13,17,20,24) have shown that skeletal muscle fiber characteristics change depending on the mode of exercise. Anaerobic exercise facilitates increases in fast-twitch muscle, while aerobic exercise facilitates increases in slow-twitch muscle. Studies using rats have reported that long-term low-intensity exercise increases slow-twitch muscle and decreases fast-twitch muscle (9,15). In this manner, in vivo studies in the rat and the human have shown that exercise changes muscle fiber characteristics. From the perspective of stress, severing a nerve controlling skeletal muscle not only decreases muscle weight, but also changes muscle fiber characteristics (7,14). Studies in which muscle blood flow was regulated using devices such as a tourniquet have shown that even low-intensity training caused marked muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle force (25). However, few in vitro studies have been conducted to support and clarify these findings. In vitro studies have attempted to ascertain the effects of exercise and training by applying different stimuli. The first study (18) removed cells from rat hindlimb and soleus muscle and applied electrical stimuli via a culture solution to measure expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. In the second study (11), osteoblasts were compressed using glass boards to ascertain morphological and bio-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

et al. 2007

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“…5 Endurance training between 2 and 8 weeks has been observed to reduce the size of the SC, 6,7 however it is unlikely that changes in muscle fibre distribution would have occurred during this period. 8,9 It is likely that factors either in addition to or other than muscle fibre type are contributing to the magnitude of the SC. One of these factors may include muscle oxidative capacity since the time required to decrease the magnitude of the SC is similar to the time required to increase mitochondrial enzyme activity 10,11 following endurance training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow component of V̇O2 kinetics: the effect of training status, fibre type, UCP3 mRNA and citrate synthase activity

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE:In healthy individuals performing constant-load exercise at intensities above the lactate threshold a secondary rise in pulmonary oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) occurs. V O 2 reaches a maximum and exhaustion rapidly prevails for a range of work rates lower than the maximal work rate achieved during a conventional rapid-incremental test. This phenomenon is called the slow component (SC) of V O 2 kinetics and represents an increase in V O 2 without an increase in work rate. Although still under debate, the magnitude of the SC is believed to be associated with the percentage of type II muscle fibres and their recruitment. In this study we investigated the relationship between the magnitude of the relative SC, citrate synthase activity, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA levels and muscle fibre composition in both endurance-trained and recreationally active subjects. METHOD: The magnitude of the relative SC was measured in 12 endurance-trained (Tr) and 15 recreationally active (RA) male subjects. The magnitude of the relative SC was determined as the difference between the end-exercise V O 2 and 3 min V O 2 divided by the difference between end-exercise V O 2 and baseline V O 2 . UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression in the vastus lateralis was measured by RT-PCR with b-actin mRNA used as an internal control. These values were also normalized against cytochromeb mRNA to control for training induced changes in mitochondria when comparing the Tr and RA groups. Type I, IIa and IIx skeletal muscle fibre composition was determined using a routine myosin ATPase histochemical staining technique. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was measured using spectrophotometric detection. RESULTS:The magnitude of the relative SC of the Tr group had the highest correlation with citrate synthase activity (r ¼ 7 0.90, P < 0.001) and that of the RA group with V O 2 peak (r ¼ 7 0.68, P < 0.01). For the Tr group other correlations with the magnitude of the relative SC included UCP3 mRNA levels (r ¼ 0.69, P < 0.05) and the percentage of type I fibres (r ¼ 7 0.58, P < 0.05), while for the RA group they included UCP3 mRNA (r ¼ 0.58, P < 0.05) and the percentage of type IIa muscle fibres (r ¼ 0.59, P < 0.05). The Tr subjects had a lower relative SC (P ¼ 0.04) and a lower expression of UCP2 (P ¼ 0.04), and UCP3 mRNA (P ¼ 0.01) than the RA subjects. When the groups were combined the magnitude of the relative SC correlated with UCP3 mRNA (r ¼ 0.70, P < 0.01), percentage of type IIa muscle fibres (r ¼ 0.60, P < 0.01) and V O 2 peak (r ¼ 7 0.73, P < 0.01). Additionally UCP3 mRNA correlated with the percentage of type IIa muscle fibres (r ¼ 0.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Citrate synthase activity and V O 2 peak are indicators of aerobic fitness. The high negative correlations between the magnitude of the relative SC and citrate synthase activity and V O 2 peak, of the Tr and RA subjects, respectively, suggests that the magnitude of the relative SC is inversely correlated with aerobic fitness. Additionally the correlations between UCP3 mRNA and the magnitude of the relative SC...

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“…The lung function variables, however, showed extremely significant differences, the FVC in rowers was 2.26 ± 0.28 l, and in runners, it was 3.36 ± 0.402 l, the FEV 1 in rowers was 2.005 ± 0.28 l and runners 3.18 ± 0.29 l, the MVV in rowers was 119.81 ± 22.93 l/ min, whereas in runners, it was 151.58 ± 21.24 l/min and the PEFR also shows there is a significant difference where rowers were recording 5.69 ± 1.65 l/s and runners 9.67 ±2.71 l/s. Studies of lung function in rowers are uncommon, but one study done in rowers of Kerala showed equivalent FVC as rowers in Manipur although a little lower values for FEV 1 and MVV. [3] A study on competitive runners conducted in Karnataka [4] showed a little lower lung function values than runners of this study but higher than the rowers who participated in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhancement of mass, metabolic power, [1] and strength of body muscles as a result of prolonged and especially the respiratory muscles ensure the adequate supply of oxygen as well as the adequate removal of carbon dioxide. The performance level of the sportspersons depends a great deal on the efficiency of the respiratory system and the strength of all respiratory muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of lung function of rowers and runners of Manipur

Lyngdoh¹,

Marbaniang²,

Sangma³

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Prolonged training as in trained athletes results in the overall increase in muscular mass, metabolic power, and strength which also includes respiratory muscles. Enhancement of the respiratory muscle mass and strength can in turn result in increased respiratory efficiency which will be reflected in the increased lung function values. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the lung function of rowers and runners and to compare the lung function values of athletes in the two sports disciplines. Materials and Methods: This is an observational comparative study conducted on 41 trained athletes consisting of 17 rowers and 24 runners who were selected on the basis of consecutive random sampling method. The participants were asked to come to the department where anthropometric data and cardiovascular variables were recorded which was followed by the recording of lung function values using MEDSPIROR a computerized pneumotachometer. Results: Runners recorded higher lung function values than rowers. Forced vital capacity for runners was 3.36 ± 0.402, rowers was 2.22 ± 0.28, and P value was 0.0001. Forced expiratory volume 1 for runners was 3.18 ± 0.29 and for rowers was 2.005 ± 0.28 with a P value of 0.0001. Maximum voluntary ventilation for runners was 151.58 ± 21.24, and for rowers, it was 119.80 ± 22.93 with a P value of 0.0001. Peak expiratory flow rate value for runners was 9.67 ± 2.71, and for rowers, it was 5.69 ± 1.65 with a P value of 0.0001. Conclusion: The study shows a significant difference between the rowers and runners in their lung function. Runners have a higher lung function values than rowers. Running is therefore a better sports discipline for the enhancement of respiratory efficiency than rowing.

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Exercise training induces transitions of myosin isoform subunits within histochemically typed human muscle fibres

Cited by 109 publications

References 82 publications

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

Slow component of V̇O2 kinetics: the effect of training status, fibre type, UCP3 mRNA and citrate synthase activity

A comparative study of lung function of rowers and runners of Manipur

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