Exercise training normalizes wall-to-lumen ratio of the gracilis muscle arterioles and reduces pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Amaral, Sandra Lia do; Zorn, Telma Maria Tenório; Michelini, Lisete Compagno

doi:10.1097/00004872-200018110-00006

Cited by 106 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Indeed, Moreno et al (27) reported a high kidney weight in female hypertensive rats (vs normotensive controls), which could be a useful "intermediate phenotype" of hypertension. These observations agree with pressure measurements obtained by us and by others: male SHR had higher pressure levels than female SHR (range of 170-185 vs 150-160 mmHg for males and females, respectively) (22,25,26). In general, sex differences have not been extensively explored, since most of the studies were done with male animals.…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the best known experimental model for essential or primary hypertension in humans, we confirmed that high blood pressure levels are accompanied by remodeling of arterioles (increased wall-to-lumen ratio) and capillary rarefaction in many tissues including the skeletal muscles, in which we demonstrated a normal resting blood flow, besides the altered vascular structure (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). According to Mulvany (16), vascular remodeling in hypertension is characterized by increased wall-to-lumen ratio of arteries and arterioles, being classified as eutrophic (decrease in both lumen and outer diameter, with unaltered wall thickness or cross-sectional area) or hypertrophic (increase in media thickening, that encroaches on the lumen).…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Mulvany (16) also postulated that remodeling of small arterioles in SHR is mainly associated with a eutrophic rather than hypertrophic mechanism. Accordingly, we have previously shown that high blood pressure in male SHR is maintained by eutrophic remodeling of arterioles since we observed an increased wall-to-lumen ratio without changes in wall thickness in the kidney, heart, diaphragm, and in locomotor and non-locomotor muscles (22,25). Eutrophic remodeling in the resistance arteries is the most prevalent vascular adjustment to hypertension (20) and could be explained by a combination of growth and apoptotic processes to maintain the media volume (15).…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…While male rats exhibited an increased wall-to-lumen ratio of small arterioles in all territories such as skeletal muscles, diaphragm, myocardium, and kidney (22,25), female SHR showed no change in wall-tolumen ratio in many tissues, with a marked increase in the renal arterioles (26). Indeed, Moreno et al (27) reported a high kidney weight in female hypertensive rats (vs normotensive controls), which could be a useful "intermediate phenotype" of hypertension.…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Aerobic training is currently recommended as a potent coadjuvant of the pharmacological treatment of hypertension, mainly because it attenuates (but does not normalize) resting blood pressure in hypertensive animals (2,22,23,25,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) and humans (40,41).…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Training-induced Hemodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Amaral

Michelini

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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There is accumulating evidence that physical inactivity, associated with the modern sedentary lifestyle, is a major determinant of hypertension. It represents the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women. In addition to involving sympathetic overactivity that alters hemodynamic parameters, hypertension is accompanied by several abnormalities in the skeletal muscle circulation including vessel rarefaction and increased arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio, which contribute to increased total peripheral resistance. Low-intensity aerobic training is a promising tool for the prevention, treatment and control of high blood pressure, but its efficacy may differ between men and women and between male and female animals. This review focuses on peripheral training-induced adaptations that contribute to a blood pressure-lowering effect, with special attention to differential responses in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscle arterioles (but not kidney arterioles) undergo eutrophic outward remodeling in trained male SHR, which contributed to a reduction of peripheral resistance and to a pressure fall. In contrast, trained female SHR showed no change in arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio and no pressure fall. On the other hand, training-induced adaptive changes in capillaries and venules (increased density) were similar in male and female SHR, supporting a similar hyperemic response to exercise.

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Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Training-induced Hemodynamic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Amaral

Michelini

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Redox Regulation of the Microcirculation

Kadlec

Gutterman

2019

Comprehensive Physiology

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The microcirculation maintains tissue homeostasis through local regulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery. Perturbations in microvascular function are characteristic of several diseases and may be early indicators of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system and in parenchymal tissue function. These changes are often mediated by various reactive oxygen species and linked to disruptions in pathways such as vasodilation or angiogenesis. This overview compiles recent advances relating to redox regulation of the microcirculation by adopting both cellular and functional perspectives. Findings from a variety of vascular beds and models are integrated to describe common effects of different reactive species on microvascular function. Gaps in understanding and areas for further research are outlined.

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Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or combined resistance-aerobic training on the left ventricular myocardium in a rat model

Souza

Pimenta²,

Pithon-Curi

et al. 2014

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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This study follows the left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in rats undergoing aerobic training alone (A), resistance training alone (R), or combined resistance and aerobic training (RA) (usually referred as concurrent training) program. A sedentary control group (C) was included. LV remodeling was evaluated using electron and light microscopy. The LV weight to body weight (LVW: BW) increased 11.4% in A group, 35% in the R group, and 18% in the RA group compared to the C group. The LV thickness increased 6% in the A group, 17% in the R group, and 10% in the RA group. The LV internal diameter increased 19% in the A group, 3% in the R group, and 8% in the RA group compared with the C group. The cross-sectional area of cardiomyocyte increased by 1% with the A group, 27% with R group, and 12% with RA training. The capillary density increased by 5.4% with A training, 11.0% with R training, and 7.7% with RA training compared with the C group. The volume fraction of interstitial collagen increased by 0.4% with training A, increased by 2.8% with R training, and 0.9% with RA training. In conclusion, except for the LV internal diameter, which increased more in the A group, the cardiac parameters increased more in the R group than in the other groups and in RA group than in A group. Collagen density increased from 5.4 6 0.8% in the C group to 5.8 6 0.6% in the A group (n. s.) (P > 0.05), to 8.2 6 0.7% in the R group (P < 0.05), and to 6.3 6 0.4% in the RA group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a significant increase for collagen content in the LV with R and RA exercise, but the increase was higher with R training alone than with RA training. Microsc.

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Exercise training normalizes wall-to-lumen ratio of the gracilis muscle arterioles and reduces pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract: The results suggest that low-intensity training can significantly reduce pressure in SHR while normalizing both the arteriole morphology and the resistance of the skeletal muscle microcirculation.

Cited by 106 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Redox Regulation of the Microcirculation

Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or combined resistance-aerobic training on the left ventricular myocardium in a rat model

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