Exercise Training Reverses Structural Microvascular Rarefaction and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Microvascular Reactivity in Rats with Diabetes

Machado, Marcus Vinícius Ribeiro; Martins, Rômulo Lanza; Borges, Juliana Pereira; Antunes, Barbara; Estato, Vanessa; Vieira, Aline Bomfim; Tibiriçá, Eduardo

doi:10.1089/met.2015.0146

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The associations of higher levels of total and higher‐intensity physical activity with greater heat‐induced skin hyperemia in individuals with T2D are in agreement with findings from priorhuman and animal research . As in individuals with T2D insulin sensitivity is thought to be worse, a likely explanation for stronger associations in T2D is that in T2D physical activity improves nitric oxide bioavailability via both stimulation of eNOS and inhibition of eNOS uncoupling .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Higher levels of daily physical activity are associated with better skin microvascular function in type 2 diabetes—The Maastricht Study

et al. 2020

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Objective Physical activity may provide a means for the prevention of cardiovascular disease via improving microvascular function. Therefore, this study investigated whether physical activity is associated with skin and retinal microvascular function. Methods In The Maastricht Study, a population‐based cohort study enriched with type 2 diabetes (n = 1298, 47.3% women, aged 60.2 ± 8.1 years, 29.5% type 2 diabetes), we studied whether accelerometer‐assessed physical activity and sedentary time associate with skin and retinal microvascular function. Associations were studied by linear regression and adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, we investigated whether associations were stronger in type 2 diabetes. Results In individuals with type 2 diabetes, total physical activity and higher‐intensity physical activity were independently associated with greater heat‐induced skin hyperemia (regression coefficients per hour), respectively, 10 (95% CI: 1; 18) and 36 perfusion units (14; 58). In individuals without type 2 diabetes, total physical activity and higher‐intensity physical activity were not associated with heat‐induced skin hyperemia. No associations with retinal arteriolar %‐dilation were identified. Conclusion Higher levels of total and higher‐intensity physical activity were associated with greater skin microvascular vasodilation in individuals with, but not in those without, type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Higher levels of daily physical activity are associated with better skin microvascular function in type 2 diabetes—The Maastricht Study

et al. 2020

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“…Regular exercise has positive effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunctions, endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction (Machado et al . , ; Baetge et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A primary goal of the clinical management of MS is to reduce risk factors through lifestyle changes, and regular exercise is associated with a host of health benefits. Regular exercise has positive effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunctions, endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefaction (Machado et al 2014(Machado et al , 2016Baetge et al 2017). However, despite the consensus on the relationship between physical exercise and health, the level of physical activity that is required to induce effective changes in the multiple chronic alterations that make up MS is currently unclear (Haskell et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training dose differentially alters muscle and heart capillary density and metabolic functions in an obese rat with metabolic syndrome

Machado

Vieira

Conceição

et al. 2017

Experimental Physiology

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What is the central question of this study? Regular exercise is recommended as a non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, the impact of different combinations of intensity, duration and frequency of exercise on metabolic syndrome and microvascular density has not been reported. What is the main finding and its importance? We provide evidence on the impact of aerobic exercise dose on metabolic and microvascular alterations in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet. We found that the exercise frequency and duration were the main factors affecting anthropometric and metabolic parameters and microvascular density in the skeletal muscle. Exercise intensity was related only to microvascular density in the heart. We evaluated the effect of the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise training on metabolic parameters and structural capillary density in obese rats with metabolic syndrome. Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either a standard commercial diet (CON) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Animals that received the HFD were randomly separated into either a sedentary (SED) group or eight different exercise groups that varied according to the frequency, duration and intensity of training. After 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training, the body composition, aerobic capacity, haemodynamic variables, metabolic parameters and capillary density in the heart and skeletal muscle were evaluated. All the exercise training groups showed reduced resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate and normalized fasting glucose. The minimal amount of exercise (90 min per week) produced little effect on metabolic syndrome parameters. A moderate amount of exercise (150 min per week) was required to reduce body weight and improve capillary density. However, only the high amount of exercise (300 min per week) significantly reduced the amount of body fat depots. The three-way ANOVA showed a main effect of exercise frequency and duration for the improvement of metabolic syndrome and capillary density in skeletal muscle. Exercise intensity was a main factor in reversing microvascular rarefaction in the heart.

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“…The rarefaction can be structural, characterised by the absence of capillaries, or functional, in which capillaries are present but they are not perfused. There are currently several pieces of evidence that MS is directly involved with both structural and functional capillary rarefaction in the skeletal muscle, heart and brain (Nascimento et al, 2013;Estato et al, 2017;Machado et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2016).…”

Section: How Ms Impairs Microvascular Perfusion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Metabolism: A Regulatory Perspective

Murray¹

2019

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Exercise Training Reverses Structural Microvascular Rarefaction and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Microvascular Reactivity in Rats with Diabetes

Abstract: Our results suggest that long-term physical exercise reverses skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular rarefaction, as well as impaired endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity, induced by diabetes in rats.

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Higher levels of daily physical activity are associated with better skin microvascular function in type 2 diabetes—The Maastricht Study

Higher levels of daily physical activity are associated with better skin microvascular function in type 2 diabetes—The Maastricht Study

Exercise training dose differentially alters muscle and heart capillary density and metabolic functions in an obese rat with metabolic syndrome

Human Metabolism: A Regulatory Perspective

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