Exfoliated Cells in Stool: A Source for Reverse Transcription-PCR–Based Analysis of Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Yu, Ying; Nechvatal, Jordan M.; Ram, Jeffrey L.; Basson, Marc D.; Heilbrun, Lance K.; Kato, Ikuko

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2515

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Next, to evaluate whether miRNAs are stable at different temperatures, we accounted for the fact that fecal mRNA and DNA can be degraded very quickly due to the activities of bacterial RNase and DNase [35]. The complex nature of feces inhibits certain assays like mRNA quantification and/or protein detection for the purposes of disease discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miR-144* as a novel fecal-based diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miR-144* as a novel fecal-based diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer

et al. 2011

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“…The diagnostic sensitivity of this test ranged from 52 to 94% for CRC detection (52), and the specificity ranged from 93 to 97% (53,54). However, fecal mRNAs and DNA degrade easily due to the activity of RNase and DNase, limiting the wide application of this test (55). In addition, the cost of sDNA (stool DNA) screening can be as high as $800 (56), which is another factor limiting the widespread use of the test.…”

Section: Fecal Mirna Detection In Colon Cancer Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA detection in feces, sputum, pleural effusion and urine: Novel tools for cancer screening (Review)

et al. 2013

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Abstract. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA sequences that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. They have significant regulatory functions in basic cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. miRNAs are differentially expressed in tumors, compared with normal tissues. Importantly, miRNAs are also stable and abundantly present in body fluids and feces. The high reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs in body fluids and feces enable miRNAs to be used as potential molecular markers for cancer screening. An increasingly large number of research studies have reported the role of miRNAs in this field. In the present review, we focused mainly on the application of detecting miRNAs in stool, sputum, pleural effusion and urine, to detect colon, lung and urological cancers, highlighting the role of miRNAs in early diagnosis and prognosis. IntroductionCancer is currently the most lethal human disease. Lung and colorectal cancers are the first and third most common types of cancers and the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide (1). Bladder cancer, a urological cancer, is the second most common malignancy that involves the urinary system, and the clinical outcome is often poor once the tumor becomes invasive (2). Although much progress has been made in the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, survival rates are still not optimistic, indicating that a more powerful method to detect cancer in the early stages is needed. Early detection of cancer has been reported to greatly improve both the survival rate and prognosis, suggesting that the key to oncotherapy may lie in early diagnosis (3-7). Thus, developing a method for the early detection of cancer is both important and necessary. Ideally, an early detection method would have high sensitivity, specificity and repeatability, and would be safe, affordable and acceptable to the patient as well.Traditional methods, such as colonoscopy (8), bronchoscopy (9) and cystoscopy (10), are used to detect colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bladder cancer, respectively. These methods have greatly benefited many individuals in the past and they are still used to diagnose cancer. However, their use has been hampered by their invasive nature, the manpower resources they require, their high cost and the discomfort they cause patients (11-13).Biological screening methods, including the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) for colon cancer; sputum cytology for NSCLC (14); and the bladder tumor antigen (BTA test), BTA stat test, nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), and urinary cytology for bladder cancer, have also been applied in recent years. However, these methods each have a significant sensitivity (15,16) or specificity (13), but not both.As previously mentioned, these methods have drawbacks that prevent their wide application.

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“…Methods using fecal DNA allow for the detection of mutated (13)(14)(15)(16), methylated (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) or long DNA (21,23,24). Results from various studies on fecal RNA-based analysis by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for CRC screening have been reported (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Altered messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of numerous genes has been noted in CRC, but only a few genes have been studied to investigate the usefulness of fecal RNA analysis in CRC detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fecal interferon-induced transmembrane protein messenger RNA for colorectal cancer screening

Miyamoto¹,

Miyamoto²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 2010

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) is reported to be frequently overexpressed in colorectal tumors. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of detecting fecal IFITM messenger RNA (mRNA) by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This pilot study included 21 patients with CRC and 23 healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated from the feces of the patients, and the expression levels of the mRNA of IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 were measured by real-time RT-PCR to detect CRC. Receiver operating characteristic curves of respective genes were generated, and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were determined. When the 44 patients were analyzed, the AUCs of fecal IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 expression analysis were 0.82, 0.80 and 0.65, respectively. The sensitivities were 67% [14/21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 43-85%], 67% (14/21; 95% CI 43-85%) and 71% (15/21; 95% CI 48-89%), respectively; and the specificities were 96% (1/23; 95% CI 78-100%), 96% (1/23; 95% CI 78-100%) and 61% (9/23; 95% CI 39-80%), respectively. When IFITM1 and IFITM2 were combined, the sensitivity was 86% (18/21; 95% CI 64-97%) and the specificity was 96% (1/23; 95% CI 78-100%). The fecal expression analysis of IFITM1 and IFITM2 mRNA by real-time RT-PCR for CRC screening exhibited high specificities, and the sensitivity was further improved by combining IFITM1 and IFITM2.

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Exfoliated Cells in Stool: A Source for Reverse Transcription-PCR–Based Analysis of Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Differential expression of miR-144* as a novel fecal-based diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer

Differential expression of miR-144* as a novel fecal-based diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer

microRNA detection in feces, sputum, pleural effusion and urine: Novel tools for cancer screening (Review)

Detection of fecal interferon-induced transmembrane protein messenger RNA for colorectal cancer screening

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