Exfoliative Cytology of the Biliary Tract with the Use of Salin e lrriga tion under Cho/edochoscopic Control

Utility of lavage cytology plus targeted biopsy during cholangioscopy for the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary lesions

“…The diagnostic yield of BLC was comparable to that of TB. BLC under choledochoscopy was reported by Nishimura et al [24]. However, BLC is not widely used probably because percutaneous choledochoscopy and/or transpapillary cholangioscopy are not popular techniques and biliary lavage is relatively challenging.…”

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytodiagnosis of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

“…20,[32][33][34] This is somewhat surprising since computed tomography (CT)/ real-time ultrasonographically (US) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of abdominal organs is practiced extensively today. However, reports on US/CT-guided FNA of the gallbladder have been very limited, and only recently has the application of imaging techniques been applied to the study of lesions of the gallbladder.…”

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver

“…7,20 A recent report emphasizes the technique of percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-draining (PTCD) cytology, which is contributory in the case of obstructive jaundice. 7 Although most carcinomas in the biliary tract are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell elements are sometimes observed in the liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract.…”