Exhumation of the Precordillera and northern Sierras Pampeanas and along-strike correlation of the Andean orogenic front, northwestern Argentina

Safipour, R.; Carrapa, Bárbara; DeCelles, Peter G.; Thomson, S. N.

doi:10.1130/2015.1212(10)

Cited by 10 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Understanding the early phase of retroarc foreland basin deformation is critical to better assess temporal estimates of shortening and the magnitude of underthrusting that may drive cycles in Cordilleran magmatism [ DeCelles et al ., , ], subduction slab inclination, and spatial shifts in major orogen‐scale topographic divides. Much emphasis has been placed on the late Miocene uplift history of the central Andes [ England and Molnar , ; Hoke and Garzione , ], while recent work in the central Andes has suggested a Paleocene onset of continuous foreland basin system development [ Carrapa et al ., , ], eastward progression of surface uplift [ Quade et al ., ], and basin partitioning by Sierras Pampeanas intraforeland uplifts [ Carrapa et al ., ; Ciccioli et al ., ; Carrapa and DeCelles , ; Safipour et al ., ]. Although Paleogene foreland sedimentation is well documented in NW Argentina between 24 and 28°S [ DeCelles et al ., ; Carrapa et al ., ], the early Cenozoic basin history between 28 and 34°S remains largely unconstrained and poorly documented, preventing a full understanding of what controls subduction margin segmentation, foreland basin connectivity, topographic evolution, and underlying geodynamic and surface processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroarc basin reorganization and aridification during Paleogene uplift of the southern central Andes

et al. 2017

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Tectonic development of the Andean Cordillera has profoundly changed the topography, climate, and vegetation patterns of the southern central Andes. The Cenozoic Bermejo Basin in Argentina (~30°S) provides a key record of thrust belt kinematics and paleoclimate south of the high‐elevation Puna Plateau. Ongoing debate regarding the timing of initiation of upper plate shortening and Andean uplift persists, precluding a thorough understanding of the earlier tectonic and climatic controls on basin evolution. We present new sedimentology, detrital geochronology, sandstone petrography, and subsidence analysis from the Bermejo Basin that reveal siliciclastic‐evaporative fluvial and lacustrine environments prior to the main documented phase of Oligocene‐Miocene shortening of the Frontal Cordillera and Argentine Precordillera. We report the first radiometric dates from detrital zircons collected in the Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation, previously mapped as Permian, that constrain a Late Cretaceous (~95–93 Ma) maximum depositional age. Provenance and paleocurrent data from these strata indicate that detritus was derived from dissected arc and cratonic sources in the north and northeast. Detrital zircon U‐Pb ages of ~37 Ma from the overlying red beds suggest that foredeep sedimentation began by at least the late Eocene. At this time, sediment dispersal shifted from axial southward to transversal eastward from the Andean Arc and Frontal Cordillera. Subsidence analysis of the basin fill is compatible with increasing tectonic deformation beginning in Eocene time, suggesting that a distal foredeep maintained fluvial connectivity to the hinterland during topographic uplift and unroofing of the Frontal Cordillera, prior to Oligocene‐Miocene deformation across the Precordillera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroarc basin reorganization and aridification during Paleogene uplift of the southern central Andes

et al. 2017

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“…To the east, the Fiambalá Basin contains approximately 4 km of basin fill that records the onset of range uplift and eastward migration of deformation throughout the Mio-Pliocene (Carrapa et al, 2006(Carrapa et al, , 2008Safipour et al, 2015).…”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, mud cracks, halite, and gypsum in the Neogene basin fill suggest that the region Figure 2. (a) Simplified geologic map with major structures of the Sierra de las Planchadas; data from Rubiolo et al (2009) andSafipour et al (2015). (b) Mean annual precipitation from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 2B31 (Bookhagen & Strecker, 2008). has been arid since at least 9 Ma (Carrapa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Climatic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the onset of uplift, contractional deformation continued to migrate eastward; this more proximal deformation, including a second pulse of uplift that began at 5.23 Ma, is recorded in Neogene basin fill in the Fiambalá Basin (Carrapa et al, , ). Significant exhumation of the range ended at approximately 2 Ma (Safipour et al, ; Schoenbohm et al, ), though there is evidence of ongoing intrabasin contraction in the Fiambalá Basin (Moorhouse, ; Ratto et al, ; U.S. Geological Survey, ). Depositional ages from the Neogene basin fill indicate that this ongoing deformation is propagating east, away from the range front (Moorhouse, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Simplified geologic map with major structures of the Sierra de las Planchadas; data from Rubiolo et al () and Safipour et al (). (b) Mean annual precipitation from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 2B31 (Bookhagen & Strecker, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Base Level and Lithologic Control of Drainage Reorganization in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina

Seagren

Schoenbohm

2019

JGR Earth Surface

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Planform drainage reorganization in catchments is a common response to changes in boundary conditions. Rivers reorganize through two predominant mechanisms: discrete stream capture events and progressive divide migration. Using general geomorphic observations, flow azimuth analysis, χ anomalies, local headwater relief, and the normalized steepness index (ksn), we examine drainage reorganization, its potential controls, and the response timescales for drainages in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina. We additionally expand on the comparison of trunk and tributary ksn values as a potential tool for recognizing drainage reorganization. We identify three significant patterns of reorganization: (1) the migration of the main drainage divide (MDD) toward the hinterland, (2) capture of longitudinal drainages by transverse reaches, and (3) shrinking foreland catchments that will result in changes to basin outlet spacing. We determine that the migration of the MDD is due to local base level differences between the major range‐bounding basins, while more local patterns, such as the capture of longitudinal drainages, are the result of the distribution of erosionally resistant lithologies. We additionally assess the response timescales required for topologic changes to the drainage network, such as divide migration; we conclude that, as suggested by modeling studies, they are longer than the timescale required for channel profile adjustment.

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The relationships between tectonics, climate and exhumation in the Central Andes (18–36°S): Evidence from low-temperature thermochronology

Stalder

Herman

Fellin

et al. 2020

Earth-Science Reviews

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The Central Andes between 18°S and 36°S latitude strike north-south for 2000 km along the Chilean subduction margin, cross several climate zones from hyperarid to humid and exhibit mean elevations in excess of 4000 m.a.s.l. Here, we investigate the relationships between tectonics, climate and exhumation by inverting low-temperature thermochronological data compiled from the literature (824 ages from 549 samples) and new data (238 ages from 146 samples) to quantify the exhumation rate history of the Central Andes since 80 Ma. Our inferred exhumation rates west of the drainage divide and between 18 and 32°S did not exceed 0.25 km/Ma. Such low exhumation rates are consistent with low shortening rates and arid conditions in this region. Local pulses of exhumation occurred only during the Eocene as 2 response to active deformation and during the Miocene, probably as response to uplift of the western Andean slope. East of the drainage divide between 18 and 28°S, the observed exhumation pattern reflects the onset and eastward propagation of deformation. Here, exhumation occurred locally since the middle-to-late Eocene in the Eastern Cordillera and the Altiplano-Puna and subsequently affected larger parts of these regions and the northwestern Sierra Pampeanas during the Oligocene. In the early Miocene (~20 Ma), the Interandean zone started exhuming and at 12-10 Ma exhumation propagated into the Subandean zone. Enhanced shortening rates and intensified precipitation along the eastern deformation front associated with the onset of the South American Monsoon led to increased exhumation rates in the eastern Interandean and the Subandean zones in the Plio-Pleistocene (0.6 km/Ma). Higher Pleistocene exhumation rates are also observed in the northern Sierra Pampeanas (1.5 km/Ma) that can be related to rock uplift along steep reverse faults coupled with high precipitation. South of 32°S on the western side, exhumation rates in the Principal Cordillera increased from ca. 0.25 km/Ma in the Miocene to rates locally exceeding 2 km/Ma in the Pleistocene. Whereas the tectonic regime in the southern Principal Cordillera remained unchanged since the late Miocene, these higher rates are likely associated with enhanced erosion resulting from intensified Pleistocene precipitation and glacial growth in this region, reinforced by isostatic rock uplift and active tectonics. Our study shows that the onset of exhumation correlates mainly with the initiation of horizontal shortening and crustal thickening, whereas the magnitude of exhumation is largely set by the amount of precipitation and glacial erosion and by the style of deformation, which is controlled by inherited structures and the amount of sediments in the foreland. In the following, we present new low-temperature thermochronological data (238 ages) that we complement with literature data (824 ages) to constrain the exhumation rate history of the Andean mountain belt at large temporal (Ma) and spatial scales (18 to 36°S). We focus on apatite and zircon fission track (AFT and ZFT, respe...

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Exhumation of the Precordillera and northern Sierras Pampeanas and along-strike correlation of the Andean orogenic front, northwestern Argentina

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Retroarc basin reorganization and aridification during Paleogene uplift of the southern central Andes

Retroarc basin reorganization and aridification during Paleogene uplift of the southern central Andes

Base Level and Lithologic Control of Drainage Reorganization in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina

The relationships between tectonics, climate and exhumation in the Central Andes (18–36°S): Evidence from low-temperature thermochronology

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