Existence and features of the myodural bridge in Gallus domesticus: indication of its important physiological function

Dou, Ya-Ru; Zheng, Nan; Gong, Jing; Tang, Wei; Okoye, Chukwuemeka Samuel; Zhang, Ying; Chen, Yuxiao; Zhang, Yu; Pi, Shiyi; Qu, Lian-Cong; Yu, Sheng-Bo; Sui, Hong-Jin

doi:10.1007/s12565-018-00470-2

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the atlanto-axial interspace of the Gentoo penguin, the dense MDB fibers originate from the ventral of the RCDmi, the RCDma, and the OCP, all converging to form the MDB, and then passing through the dorsal atlanto-axial membrane, which is tightly connected to the SDM. The arrangement of the fibers of the MDB, observed in the Gentoo penguin is similar to that of other birds [23, 24] and mammals [18]. Although penguins live in different conditions from that of the Rock pigeons and the Gallus domesticus , they all possess an MDB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…In1995 Hack et al initially proposed the concept of the MDB [1]. Numerous researchers have since studied the MDB in detail, confirming the MDB’s existence in both humans [1-7] and animals [18-24]. These researchers have further hypothesized about the putative physiological functions of the MDB [8-17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cranial attachments of both the RCDmi and RCDma muscle of the Gentoo penguin are distinct from that observed in other birds ( Rock pigeons and Gallus domesticus ). The cranial aspect of the RCDmi attached below the transverse nuchal crest, and the both the RCDmi and RCDma muscle were easily detached [23, 24]. This difference may be related to the survival and feeding behavior of the penguin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, researchers have found that the MDB is a universal structure in mammals [18], including marine mammals ( Nephocaena phocaenoides and sperm whales ) [19, 20]. The MDB also exists in reptiles ( Siamese crocodile and Trachemys scripta elegans ) [21, 22], as well as in birds ( Rock pigeons and Gallus domesticus ) [23, 24]. Therefore the universal existence of the MDB among reptiles, birds, and mammals suggests that the MDB is an evolutionarily conserveed anatomic structure having important biological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

Chen

Chi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent studies have evidenced that the anatomical structure now known as the myodural bridge (MDB) connects the suboccipital musculature to the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM). In humans, the MDB passes through both the posterior atlanto-occipital and the posterior atlanto-axial interspaces. The present authors suggest that the MDB has important physiological functions in humans. The existence of the MDB in various mammals, including flying birds (Rock pigeons and Gallus domesticus) has been previously validated. Gentoo penguins are marine birds, able to make 450 dives per day, reaching depths of up to 660 feet. Gentoo penguins are also the world’s fastest diving birds. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the existence and characteristics of the MDB in Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), a non-flying, marine bird that can dive. While foraging, this penguin is able to reach speeds of up to 22 miles per hour. For this study, six Gentoo penguin specimens were dissected to observe the existence and composition of their MDB. Histological staining was also performed to analyze the anatomic relationships and characteristic of the MDB in the Gentoo penguin. In this study, it was found that the suboccipital musculature in the Gentoo penguin consists of the rectus capitis dorsalis minor (RCDmi) muscle and rectus capitis dorsalis major (RCDma) muscle. Dense connective tissue fibers were observed connecting these two suboccipital muscles to the spinal dura mater (SDM). This dense connective tissue bridge consists of primarily type I collagen fibers. Thus, this penguin’s MDB appears to be analogous to the MDB previously observed in humans. The present study evidences that the MDB not only exists in penguins but it also has unique features that distinguishes it from that of flying birds. Thus, this study advances the understanding of the morphological characteristics of the MDB in flightless, marine birds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

Chen

Chi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, researchers investigated that the MDB existed in more mammalian taxa including Macaca mulatta, Canis familiaris, Felis catus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ratus norvegicus, Cavia porcellus, and Indoasian nless porpoise [9]. In addition, it was con rmed that this structure is also present in reptiles (Crocodylus siamensis) [10], and avifauna (Columba livia and Gallus domesticus) [11,12]. This universal existence inferred that the MDB could be physiologically signi cant in both humans and other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Occipital-Dural Muscle: A Specialized Myodural Bridge in Narrow-Ridge Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena Asiaorientalis)

Zhang¹,

Gong²,

Shengbo³

et al. 2021

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A dense bridge-like tissue named the myodural bridge (MDB) connecting the suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura mater was originally discovered in humans. Recent studies have revealed that the MDB confirmed a universal existing normal anatomical structure in mammals which is considered being significant in physiological functions. Our previous investigations have confirmed the existence of MDB in the finless porpoises. We conduct this research to expound the specificity of the MDB in Neophocana asiaeorientalis (N.asiaeorientalis). Five carcasses of N.asiaeorientalis with formalin fixation were used for this study. Two were used for head and neck CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction, and dissection of suboccipital region. One was used for P45 plastinated sheets observation. One was for histological analysis of suboccipital region. One was for Scanning electron microscopic study. The results showed that the MDB in N.asiaeorientalis is an independent muscle originated from the caudal border of occiput, directly extended through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace and connected with the cervical spinal dura mater. Thus the MDB in N.asiaeorientalis is an independent and specialized muscle. Based on the origin and termination of this muscle, we could name it as ‘Occipital-Dural Muscle’. And the direct pull on the cervical spinal dura mater might affect the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by altering the volume of subarachnoid space of spine.

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The relationship between compensatory hyperplasia of the myodural bridge complex and reduced compliance of the various structures within the cranio‐cervical junction

Song

Gong

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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The myodural bridge complex (MDBC) is described as a functional anatomic structure that involves the dense connective tissue fibers, muscles, and ligaments in the suboccipital region. It has recently been proposed that the MDBC can influence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. In the present study, bleomycin (BLM), a type of antibiotic that is poisonous to cells, was injected into the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace (PAOiS) of rats to induce fibrous hyperplasia of structures in PAOiS. Sagittal sections of tissues obtained from the posterioroccipital region of the rats were stained utilizing the Masson Trichrome staining method. Semiquantitative analysis evidenced that the collagen volume fraction of collagen fibers of the MDBC, as well as the sum of the area of the spinal dura mater and the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane in the BLM group were significantly increased (p < .05) compared to that of the other groups. This finding illustrates that the MDBC fibers as well as other tissues in the PAOiS of rats in the BLM group developed fibrotic changes which reduced compliance of the spinal dura mater. Indeed, the sectional area of the rectus capitis dorsal minor muscle in the BLM group was measured to be increased. These changes may further restrict CSF flow. The present research provides support for the recent hypothesis proposed by Labuda et al. concerning the pathophysiology observed in symptomatic adult Chiari malformation Type I patients, that there exists a relationship between the altered compliance of the anatomic structures within the craniocervical region and the resultant compensatory hyperplasia of the MDBC.

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Existence and features of the myodural bridge in Gallus domesticus: indication of its important physiological function

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

Existence and Features of the Myodural Bridge in Gentoo Penguins: a morphological study

Occipital-Dural Muscle: A Specialized Myodural Bridge in Narrow-Ridge Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena Asiaorientalis)

The relationship between compensatory hyperplasia of the myodural bridge complex and reduced compliance of the various structures within the cranio‐cervical junction

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